Inconsistent eating quality of papaya, Carica papaya, is a major concern for consumers in Australia and limits expansion of the papaya industry. The challenge for the papaya industry in Australia is to improve flavour and eating quality of commercial cultivars of both yellow and red papayas and to enhance uniformity and yield of red papayas. Twenty-seven different cultivars of papaya were evaluated for 11 productivity traits and 13 characteristics related to fruit quality based on both grower and consumer preferences. Replicate trees were evaluated on three different harvest dates, April 2012, October 2012 and May 2013, to confirm that the data represented the genetics of the trees rather than environmental effects. Selection of parental lines for the next phase of the breeding program was based on consistent expression of the traits of interest over three seasons. F1 seeds have been grown to maturity and some trees with good traits have been selected. New cultivars, F2s and backcrosses to commercial cultivars will be planted and evaluated. Segregating populations will be developed to identify DNA markers linked to each trait of interest.