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  • Is the Association between Vitamin D and Metabolic Syndrome Independent of Other Micronutrients

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    Khosravi_BoroujeniPUB3477.pdf (832.2Kb)
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    Accepted Manuscript (AM)
    Author(s)
    Khosravi-Boroujeni, Hossein
    Ahmed, Faruk
    Sarrafzadegan, Nizal
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Ahmed, Faruk
    Khosravi Boroujeni, Hossein
    Year published
    2015
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    Abstract
    The incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been increasing globally and it is recognized as a major public health problem because MetS is associated with increased risk of diabetes, stroke, cancer, and other chronic diseases. Recently, MetS has been linked to vitamin D deficiency. However, the evidence on the association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of MetS remains inconclusive. This review therefore aims to depict the existing evidence related to MetS and vitamin D deficiency, and examined some of the possible confounders which may affect the association between vitamin D status and risk of MetS. Earlier ...
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    The incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been increasing globally and it is recognized as a major public health problem because MetS is associated with increased risk of diabetes, stroke, cancer, and other chronic diseases. Recently, MetS has been linked to vitamin D deficiency. However, the evidence on the association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of MetS remains inconclusive. This review therefore aims to depict the existing evidence related to MetS and vitamin D deficiency, and examined some of the possible confounders which may affect the association between vitamin D status and risk of MetS. Earlier studies on the association between vitamin D deficiency and MetS have adjusted for the effect of some confounders including, age, sex, body mass index, race, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and energy intake. However, these studies failed to consider other potential confounders. There is evidence that vitamin A, zinc (Zn), and magnesium (Mg) play important roles in the activation and function of vitamin D and interact with gene expression. Furthermore, these micronutrients are also related to several components of the MetS including glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Thus, there could be an interaction between these micronutrients, vitamin D, and MetS. This review highlights the possible interactions of vitamin A, Zn, Mg, and vitamin D with MetS and its components. The findings reinforce the need for further well-designed studies that take into account all potential confounders, including other micronutrients such as vitamin A, Zn, and Mg status, to investigate the independent association of vitamin D status with MetS and its components, and also to scrutinize for possible interactions among other nutrients which may have similar confounding effects.
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    Journal Title
    International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000277
    Copyright Statement
    © 2016 Hogrefe & Huber Publishers. This is the author-manuscript version of this paper. Reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. This article may not exactly replicate the final version published in European Journal of Psychological Assessment. It is not the version of record and is therefore not suitable for citation.
    Note
    This publication has been entered into Griffith Research Online as an Advanced Online Version.
    Subject
    Nutrition and dietetics
    Nutrition and dietetics not elsewhere classified
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/143256
    Collection
    • Journal articles

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