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dc.contributor.authorGupta, Bhawna
dc.contributor.authorJohnson, Newell W
dc.date.accessioned2017-09-15T00:33:17Z
dc.date.available2017-09-15T00:33:17Z
dc.date.issued2014
dc.identifier.issn1513-7368
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10072/154458
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Upper aero-digestive tract cancer is a multidimensional problem, international trends showing complex rises and falls in incidence and mortality across the globe, with variation across different cultural and socio-economic groups. This paper seeks some explanations and identifies some research and policy needs. Methodological Approach: The literature illustrates the multifactorial nature of carcinogenesis. At the cellular level, it is viewed as a multistep process involving multiple mutations and selection for cells with progressively increasing capacity for proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis. Established and emerging risk factors, in addition to changes in incidence and prevalence of cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract, were identified. Risk Factors: Exposure to tobacco and alcohol, as well as diets inadequate in fresh fruits and vegetables, remain the major risk factors, with persistent infection by particular so-called "high risk" genotypes of human papillomavirus increasingly recognised as also playing an important role in a subset of cases, particularly for the oropharynx. Chronic trauma to oral mucosa from poor restorations and prostheses, in addition to poor oral hygiene with a consequent heavy microbial load in the mouth, are also emerging as significant risk factors. Conclusions: Understanding and quantifying the impact of individual risk factors for these cancers is vital for health decision-making, planning and prevention. National policies and programmes should be designed and implemented to control exposure to environmental risks, by legislation if necessary, and to raise awareness so that people are provided with the information and support they need to adopt healthy lifestyles.
dc.description.peerreviewedYes
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherAsian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention
dc.publisher.placeThailand
dc.publisher.urihttp://journal.waocp.org/article_29544.html
dc.relation.ispartofpagefrom5983
dc.relation.ispartofpageto5991
dc.relation.ispartofissue15
dc.relation.ispartofjournalAsian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
dc.relation.ispartofvolume15
dc.subject.fieldofresearchClinical sciences
dc.subject.fieldofresearchOncology and carcinogenesis
dc.subject.fieldofresearchOncology and carcinogenesis not elsewhere classified
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode3202
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode3211
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode321199
dc.titleEmerging and Established Global Life-Style Risk Factors for Cancer of the Upper Aero-Digestive Tract
dc.typeJournal article
dc.type.descriptionC1 - Articles
dc.type.codeC - Journal Articles
dc.description.versionVersion of Record (VoR)
gro.facultyGriffith Health, School of Dentistry and Oral Health
gro.rights.copyright© The Author(s) 2014. The attached file is reproduced here in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. For information about this journal please refer to the journal’s website or contact the authors.
gro.hasfulltextFull Text
gro.griffith.authorJohnson, Newell W.


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