Invasive pneumococcal disease, comorbidities, and polysaccharide vaccine use in children aged 5-15 years in England and Wales
Author(s)
Ladhani, Shamez N
Andrews, Nick J
Waight, Pauline
Borrow, Ray
Slack, Mary PE
Miller, Elizabeth
Griffith University Author(s)
Year published
2014
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Background. In the United Kingdom, the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is recommended in addition to routine pneumococcal conjugate vaccination for at-risk children aged ≥2 years. This study describes the epidemiology, serotype distribution, clinical characteristics, vaccination status, and reasons for nonvaccination in children aged 5–15 years with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).
Methods. Public Health England conducts enhanced national surveillance of IPD in England and Wales. In 2012, general practitioners (GPs) were contacted to complete a questionnaire for children aged 5–15 years with ...
View more >Background. In the United Kingdom, the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is recommended in addition to routine pneumococcal conjugate vaccination for at-risk children aged ≥2 years. This study describes the epidemiology, serotype distribution, clinical characteristics, vaccination status, and reasons for nonvaccination in children aged 5–15 years with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Methods. Public Health England conducts enhanced national surveillance of IPD in England and Wales. In 2012, general practitioners (GPs) were contacted to complete a questionnaire for children aged 5–15 years with laboratory-confirmed IPD diagnosed during 2 epidemiological years, July 2009–June 2011. Results. During 2009–2011, 447 IPD episodes occurred in 439 children (incidence, 2.2/100 000), and GPs of 423 of the 439 (96.4%) children completed the questionnaire. Comorbidity was reported in 124 (29.3%); a third each were immunocompromised or had chronic respiratory disease or other comorbidities. Pneumonia was the most common presentation (332/439 [75.6%]), and IPD-related case fatality was 1.8% (8/439). Only 26.6% (33/124) of children with comorbidities had received PPV23, and development of PPV23-type IPD was not associated with prior PPV23 vaccination (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], .36–3.32; P = .88), even when analysis was restricted to the extra 11 PPV23 serotypes not contained in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (AOR, 1.70; 95% CI, .30–9.76; P = .55). GPs of eligible but unvaccinated cases with comorbidities were mostly unaware that the child required PPV23 and/or expected pediatricians to inform them to administer the vaccine. Conclusions. Only a quarter of children with comorbidities who developed IPD had received PPV23 prior to infection. Among PPV23-vaccinated children with comorbidities, however, there was no evidence of protection against PPV23 serotypes.
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View more >Background. In the United Kingdom, the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is recommended in addition to routine pneumococcal conjugate vaccination for at-risk children aged ≥2 years. This study describes the epidemiology, serotype distribution, clinical characteristics, vaccination status, and reasons for nonvaccination in children aged 5–15 years with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Methods. Public Health England conducts enhanced national surveillance of IPD in England and Wales. In 2012, general practitioners (GPs) were contacted to complete a questionnaire for children aged 5–15 years with laboratory-confirmed IPD diagnosed during 2 epidemiological years, July 2009–June 2011. Results. During 2009–2011, 447 IPD episodes occurred in 439 children (incidence, 2.2/100 000), and GPs of 423 of the 439 (96.4%) children completed the questionnaire. Comorbidity was reported in 124 (29.3%); a third each were immunocompromised or had chronic respiratory disease or other comorbidities. Pneumonia was the most common presentation (332/439 [75.6%]), and IPD-related case fatality was 1.8% (8/439). Only 26.6% (33/124) of children with comorbidities had received PPV23, and development of PPV23-type IPD was not associated with prior PPV23 vaccination (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], .36–3.32; P = .88), even when analysis was restricted to the extra 11 PPV23 serotypes not contained in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (AOR, 1.70; 95% CI, .30–9.76; P = .55). GPs of eligible but unvaccinated cases with comorbidities were mostly unaware that the child required PPV23 and/or expected pediatricians to inform them to administer the vaccine. Conclusions. Only a quarter of children with comorbidities who developed IPD had received PPV23 prior to infection. Among PPV23-vaccinated children with comorbidities, however, there was no evidence of protection against PPV23 serotypes.
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Journal Title
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Volume
58
Issue
4
Subject
Biological sciences
Biomedical and clinical sciences