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  • The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana

    Author(s)
    Rasmussen, Morten
    Anzick, Sarah L.
    Waters, Michael R.
    Skoglund, Pontus
    DeGiorgio, Michael
    Stafford Jr, Thomas W.
    Rasmussen, Simon
    Moltke, Ida
    Albrechtsen, Anders
    Doyle, Shane M.
    Poznik, G. David
    Gudmundsdottir, Valborg
    Yadav, Rachita
    Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo
    White V, Samuel Stockton
    Allentoft, Morten Erik
    Cornejo, Omar E.
    Tambets, Kristiina
    Eriksson, Anders
    Heintzman, Peter D.
    Karmin, Monika
    Korneliussen, Thorfinn S.
    Meltzer, David J.
    Pierre, Tracey
    Stenderup, Jesper
    Saag, Lauri
    Warmuth, Vera M.
    Lopes, Margarida C.
    Willerslev, Eske
    et al.
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Willerslev, Eske
    Year published
    2014
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    Clovis, with its distinctive biface, blade and osseous technologies, is the oldest widespread archaeological complex defined in North America, dating from 11,100 to 10,700 14C years before present (bp) (13,000 to 12,600 calendar years bp)1,2. Nearly 50 years of archaeological research point to the Clovis complex as having developed south of the North American ice sheets from an ancestral technology3. However, both the origins and the genetic legacy of the people who manufactured Clovis tools remain under debate. It is generally believed that these people ultimately derived from Asia and were directly related to contemporary ...
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    Clovis, with its distinctive biface, blade and osseous technologies, is the oldest widespread archaeological complex defined in North America, dating from 11,100 to 10,700 14C years before present (bp) (13,000 to 12,600 calendar years bp)1,2. Nearly 50 years of archaeological research point to the Clovis complex as having developed south of the North American ice sheets from an ancestral technology3. However, both the origins and the genetic legacy of the people who manufactured Clovis tools remain under debate. It is generally believed that these people ultimately derived from Asia and were directly related to contemporary Native Americans2. An alternative, Solutrean, hypothesis posits that the Clovis predecessors emigrated from southwestern Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum4. Here we report the genome sequence of a male infant (Anzick-1) recovered from the Anzick burial site in western Montana. The human bones date to 10,705 ± 35 14C years bp (approximately 12,707–12,556 calendar years bp) and were directly associated with Clovis tools. We sequenced the genome to an average depth of 14.4× and show that the gene flow from the Siberian Upper Palaeolithic Mal’ta population5 into Native American ancestors is also shared by the Anzick-1 individual and thus happened before 12,600 years bp. We also show that the Anzick-1 individual is more closely related to all indigenous American populations than to any other group. Our data are compatible with the hypothesis that Anzick-1 belonged to a population directly ancestral to many contemporary Native Americans. Finally, we find evidence of a deep divergence in Native American populations that predates the Anzick-1 individual.
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    Journal Title
    Nature
    Volume
    506
    Issue
    7487
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13025
    Subject
    Population, Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/172199
    Collection
    • Journal articles

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