The transition from hospital to home for individuals with acquired brain injury: A literature review and research recommendations

Abstract

Purpose. To review the literature relating to the transition from hospital to home for individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) and make recommendations concerning the future direction of transition-specific research. Method. Relevant research articles were identified through searching existing database systems and by reviewing the reference lists of identified articles. Only articles in which the results directly related to individuals with ABI from the time of discharge to 1 year post-discharge were included in the review. Results/discussion. A total of 50 articles were identified as meeting the criteria for inclusion in the review. The methodological quality of included articles was evaluated using a set of specific criteria. The articles were classified into the following categories: (i) The perspectives of individuals with ABI and their caregivers; (ii) outcomes for individuals with ABI following transition; (iii) post-discharge services; and (iv) transitional living services/programmes. The majority of articles were based on samples of individuals with stroke, typically aged over 65 years. A common theme identified in the review was that the transition from hospital to home is typically perceived as an exciting yet difficult period for individuals and their families and as such, post-discharge support is critical. Conclusion. Further ABI transition-specific research is necessary in order to: (i) Develop a comprehensive theoretical framework of the transition phase; and (ii) facilitate both the validation of current intervention strategies and the development of innovative/tailored intervention approaches.