dc.contributor.author | Nirthanan, S | |
dc.contributor.author | Gopalakrishnakone, P | |
dc.contributor.author | Gwee, MCE | |
dc.contributor.author | Khoo, HE | |
dc.contributor.author | Kini, RM | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2017-05-03T15:29:02Z | |
dc.date.available | 2017-05-03T15:29:02Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2003 | |
dc.date.modified | 2009-12-18T06:34:11Z | |
dc.identifier.issn | 0041-0101 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1016/S0041-0101(02)00388-4 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10072/27781 | |
dc.description.abstract | Non-conventional toxins constitute a poorly characterized class of three-finger toxins isolated exclusively from Elapidae venoms. These toxins are monomers of 62-68 amino acid residues and contain five disulfide bridges. However, unlike a/?-neurotoxins and ?-neurotoxins which have the fifth disulfide bridge in their middle loop (loop II), the fifth disulfide bridge in non-conventional toxins is located in loop I (N-terminus loop). Overall, non-conventional toxins share ~28-42% identity with other three-finger toxins including a-neurotoxins, a/?-neurotoxins and ?-neurotoxins. Recent structural studies have revealed that non-conventional toxins also display the typical three-finger motif. Non-conventional toxins are typically characterized by a lower order of toxicity (LD50~5-80 mg/kg) in contrast to prototype a-neurotoxins (LD50~0.04-0.3 mg/kg) and hence they are also referred to as 'weak toxins'. Further, it is generally assumed that non-conventional toxins target muscle (a2߿d) receptors with low affinities several orders of magnitude lower than a-neurotoxins and a/?-neurotoxins. However, it is now known that some non-conventional toxins also antagonize neuronal a7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Hence, non-conventional toxins are not a functionally homogeneous group and other, yet unknown, molecular targets for this class of snake venom toxins may exist. Non-conventional toxins may therefore be a useful source of ligands with novel biological activity targeting the plethora of neuronal nicotinic receptors as well as other physiological processes. | |
dc.description.peerreviewed | Yes | |
dc.description.publicationstatus | Yes | |
dc.language | English | |
dc.language.iso | eng | |
dc.publisher | Elsevier Science | |
dc.publisher.place | Amsterdam | |
dc.publisher.uri | http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/259/description#description | |
dc.relation.ispartofpagefrom | 397 | |
dc.relation.ispartofpageto | 407 | |
dc.relation.ispartofissue | 4 | |
dc.relation.ispartofjournal | Toxicon | |
dc.relation.ispartofvolume | 41 | |
dc.subject.fieldofresearch | Biochemistry and cell biology not elsewhere classified | |
dc.subject.fieldofresearch | Zoology not elsewhere classified | |
dc.subject.fieldofresearch | Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences | |
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode | 310199 | |
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode | 310999 | |
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode | 3214 | |
dc.title | Non-conventional toxins from Elapid venoms. | |
dc.type | Journal article | |
dc.type.description | C1 - Articles | |
dc.type.code | C - Journal Articles | |
gro.date.issued | 2003 | |
gro.hasfulltext | No Full Text | |
gro.griffith.author | Nirthanan, Niru | |