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dc.contributor.authorForwood, Mark R
dc.date.accessioned2017-05-03T17:00:27Z
dc.date.available2017-05-03T17:00:27Z
dc.date.issued2008
dc.date.modified2011-10-18T07:24:38Z
dc.identifier.issn8750-7587
dc.identifier.doi10.1152/japplphysiol.00040.2008
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10072/28696
dc.description.abstractPhysical activity and bone development during childhood: insights from animal models. J Appl Physiol 105: 334-341, 2008. First published April 17, 2008; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00040.2008.-Animal studies illustrate greater structural and material adaptations of growing bone to exercise than in adult bones but do not define effective training regimes to optimize bone strength in children. Controlled loading studies in turkey, rat, or mouse bones have revealed mechanisms of mechanotransduction and loading characteristics that optimize the modeling response to applied strains. Insights from these models reveal that static loads do not play a role in mechanotransduction and that bone formation is threshold driven and dependent on strain rate, amplitude, and partitioning of the load. That is, only a few cycles of loading are required at any time to elicit an adaptive response, and distributed bouts of loading, incorporating rest periods, are more osteogenic than single sessions of long duration. These parameters of loading have been translated into feasible public health interventions that exploit the insights gained from animal experiments to achieve adaptive responses in children and adolescents. Studies manipulating estrogen receptors (ER) in mice also demonstrate that skeletal sensitivity to loading during the peripubertal period is due to a direct regulation of mechanotransduction pathways by ER, and not just a simple enhancement of cell activity already marshaled by the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Unfortunately, because the rate and timing of growth in small animals are completely different from those in humans, these models can be poor tools to elucidate periods during growth in youths, during which the skeleton is more sensitive to loading. However, there are insights from studies of human growth that can improve the interpretation of data from such studies of growth and development in animals.
dc.description.peerreviewedYes
dc.description.publicationstatusYes
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherAmerican Physiological Society
dc.publisher.placeBethesda, MD
dc.relation.ispartofstudentpublicationN
dc.relation.ispartofpagefrom334
dc.relation.ispartofpageto341
dc.relation.ispartofissue1
dc.relation.ispartofjournalJournal of Applied Physiology
dc.relation.ispartofvolume105
dc.rights.retentionY
dc.subject.fieldofresearchBiological sciences
dc.subject.fieldofresearchBiomedical and clinical sciences
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode31
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode32
dc.titlePhysical activity and bone development during childhood: insights from animal models
dc.typeJournal article
dc.type.descriptionC1 - Articles
dc.type.codeC - Journal Articles
gro.rights.copyrightSelf-archiving of the author-manuscript version is not yet supported by this journal. Please refer to the journal link for access to the definitive, published version or contact the author[s] for more information.
gro.date.issued2008
gro.hasfulltextNo Full Text
gro.griffith.authorForwood, Mark R.


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