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  • A systematic review of geographical differences in management and outcomes for colorectal cancer in Australia

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    Author(s)
    Ireland, Michael J
    March, Sonja
    Crawford-Williams, Fiona
    Cassimatis, Mandy
    Aitken, Joanne F
    Hyde, Melissa K
    Chambers, Suzanne K
    Sun, Jiandong
    Dunn, Jeff
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Aitken, Joanne
    Chambers, Suzanne K.
    Hyde, Melissa K.
    Dunn, Jeffrey
    March, Sonja
    Cassimatis, Mandy
    Year published
    2017
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    Abstract
    Background: Australia and New Zealand have the highest incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the world, presenting considerable health, economic, and societal burden. Over a third of the Australian population live in regional areas and research has shown they experience a range of health disadvantages that result in a higher disease burden and lower life expectancy. The extent to which geographical disparities exist in CRC management and outcomes has not been systematically explored. The present review aims to identify the nature of geographical disparities in CRC survival, clinical management, and psychosocial outcomes. Methods: ...
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    Background: Australia and New Zealand have the highest incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the world, presenting considerable health, economic, and societal burden. Over a third of the Australian population live in regional areas and research has shown they experience a range of health disadvantages that result in a higher disease burden and lower life expectancy. The extent to which geographical disparities exist in CRC management and outcomes has not been systematically explored. The present review aims to identify the nature of geographical disparities in CRC survival, clinical management, and psychosocial outcomes. Methods: The review followed PRISMA guidelines and searches were undertaken using seven databases covering articles between 1 January 1990 and 20 April 2016 in an Australian setting. Inclusion criteria stipulated studies had to be peer-reviewed, in English, reporting data from Australia on CRC patients and relevant to one of fourteen questions examining geographical variations in a) survival outcomes, b) patient and cancer characteristics, c) diagnostic and treatment characteristics and d) psychosocial and quality of life outcomes. Results: Thirty-eight quantitative, two qualitative, and three mixed-methods studies met review criteria. Twenty-seven studies were of high quality, sixteen studies were of moderate quality, and no studies were found to be low quality. Individuals with CRC living in regional, rural, and remote areas of Australia showed poorer survival and experienced less optimal clinical management. However, this effect is likely moderated by a range of other factors (e.g., SES, age, gender) and did appear to vary linearly with increasing distance from metropolitan centres. No studies examined differences in use of stoma, or support with stomas, by geographic location. Conclusions: Overall, despite evidence of disparity in CRC survival and clinical management across geographic locations, the evidence was limited and at times inconsistent. Further, access to treatment and services may not be the main driver of disparities, with individual patient characteristics and type of region also playing an important role. A better understanding of factors driving ongoing and significant geographical disparities in cancer related outcomes is required to inform the development of effective interventions to improve the health and welfare of regional Australians.
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    Journal Title
    BMC Cancer
    Volume
    17
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-017-3067-1
    Copyright Statement
    © The Author(s) 2017. Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
    Note
    Page numbers are not for citation purposes. Instead, this article has the unique article number of 95.
    Subject
    Oncology and carcinogenesis
    Oncology and carcinogenesis not elsewhere classified
    Health services and systems
    Public health
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/341339
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    • Journal articles

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