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dc.contributor.authorHebert-Losier, Kim
dc.contributor.authorNewsham-West, Richard J
dc.contributor.authorSchneiders, Anthony G
dc.contributor.authorSullivan, S John
dc.date.accessioned2017-05-03T15:33:17Z
dc.date.available2017-05-03T15:33:17Z
dc.date.issued2009
dc.date.modified2010-10-20T06:58:45Z
dc.identifier.issn1440-2440
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jsams.2008.12.628
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10072/34363
dc.description.abstractThe calf-raise test is used by clinicians and researchers in sports medicine to assess properties of the calf muscle-tendon unit. The test generally involves repetitive concentric-eccentric muscle action of the plantar-flexors in unipedal stance and is quantified by the number of raises performed. Although the calf-raise test appears to have acceptable reliability and face validity, and is commonly used for medical assessment and rehabilitation of injuries, no universally acceptable test parameters have been published to date. A systematic review of the existing literature was conducted to investigate the consistency as well as universal acceptance of the evaluation purposes, test parameters, outcome measurements and psychometric properties of the calf-raise test. Nine electronic databases were searched during the period May 30th to September 21st 2008. Forty-nine articles met the inclusion criteria and were quality assessed. Information on study characteristics and calf-raise test parameters, as well as quantitative data, were extracted; tabulated; and statistically analysed. The average quality score of the reviewed articles was 70.4+/-12.2% (range 44-90%). Articles provided various test parameters; however, a consensus was not ascertained. Key testing parameters varied, were often unstated, and few studies reported reliability or validity values, including sensitivity and specificity. No definitive normative values could be established and the utility of the test in subjects with pathologies remained unclear. Although adapted for use in several disciplines and traditionally recommended for clinical assessment, there is no uniform description of the calf-raise test in the literature. Further investigation is recommended to ensure consistent use and interpretation of the test by researchers and clinicians.
dc.description.peerreviewedYes
dc.description.publicationstatusYes
dc.format.extent218613 bytes
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.publisher.placeAustralia
dc.relation.ispartofstudentpublicationY
dc.relation.ispartofpagefrom594
dc.relation.ispartofpageto602
dc.relation.ispartofissue6
dc.relation.ispartofjournalJournal of Science and Medicine in Sport
dc.relation.ispartofvolume12
dc.rights.retentionY
dc.subject.fieldofresearchPhysiotherapy
dc.subject.fieldofresearchSports science and exercise
dc.subject.fieldofresearchMedical physiology
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode420106
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode4207
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode3208
dc.titleRaising the standards of the calf-raise test: A systematic review
dc.typeJournal article
dc.type.descriptionC1 - Articles
dc.type.codeC - Journal Articles
gro.rights.copyright© 2009 Elsevier. This is the author-manuscript version of this paper. Reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. Please refer to the journal's website for access to the definitive, published version.
gro.date.issued2009
gro.hasfulltextFull Text
gro.griffith.authorNewsham-West, Richard J.


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