Pharmacokinetics of caspofungin acetate to guide optimal dosing in cats

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Author(s)
Leshinsky, Jana
McLachlan, Andrew
Foster, David J. R.
Norris, Ross
Barrs, Vanessa R.
Griffith University Author(s)
Year published
2017
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Cats are the most common mammal to develop invasive fungal rhinosinusitis caused by cryptic species in Aspergillus section Fumigati that are resistant to azoles but susceptible to caspofungin. In this study nonlinear mixed-effects pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation was used to investigate caspofungin pharmacokinetics and explore dosing regimens in cats using caspofungin minimum effective concentrations (MECs). Plasma concentrations in healthy cats were determined using HPLC-MS/MS after administration of a single and seven consecutive daily intravenous doses of 1 mg/kg caspofungin. In the final pharmacokinetic model an ...
View more >Cats are the most common mammal to develop invasive fungal rhinosinusitis caused by cryptic species in Aspergillus section Fumigati that are resistant to azoles but susceptible to caspofungin. In this study nonlinear mixed-effects pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation was used to investigate caspofungin pharmacokinetics and explore dosing regimens in cats using caspofungin minimum effective concentrations (MECs). Plasma concentrations in healthy cats were determined using HPLC-MS/MS after administration of a single and seven consecutive daily intravenous doses of 1 mg/kg caspofungin. In the final pharmacokinetic model an optimum maximum concentration (Cmax): MEC ratio of 10–20 was used to guide caspofungin efficacy. Simulations were performed for dosing regimens (doses 0.25–2 mg/kg and 6–72 h dosing intervals) with and without inclusion of a loading dose. Using a 1 mg/kg dose Cmax first dose was 14.8 μg/mL, Cmax at steady state was 19.8 μg/mL, Cmin was 5 μg/mL and Cmax: MEC was >20 in 42.6% of cats after multiple doses. An optimal Cmax: MEC ratio was achieved in caspofungin simulations using 0.75 mg/kg q 24 h or 1 mg/kg q 72h. However, at 1 mg/kg q 72h, Cmin was < MEC (<1 μg/mL) in over 95% of the population. Using a loading dose of 1 mg/kg and a daily dose of 0.75 mg/kg thereafter, the Cmax: MEC was optimal and Cmin was > 2.5 μg/mL for 98% of the population. Based on the modeling data this dosing regimen is likely to achieve target therapeutic concentrations, meet the proposed Cmax: MEC window and provide consistent exposure between doses.
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View more >Cats are the most common mammal to develop invasive fungal rhinosinusitis caused by cryptic species in Aspergillus section Fumigati that are resistant to azoles but susceptible to caspofungin. In this study nonlinear mixed-effects pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation was used to investigate caspofungin pharmacokinetics and explore dosing regimens in cats using caspofungin minimum effective concentrations (MECs). Plasma concentrations in healthy cats were determined using HPLC-MS/MS after administration of a single and seven consecutive daily intravenous doses of 1 mg/kg caspofungin. In the final pharmacokinetic model an optimum maximum concentration (Cmax): MEC ratio of 10–20 was used to guide caspofungin efficacy. Simulations were performed for dosing regimens (doses 0.25–2 mg/kg and 6–72 h dosing intervals) with and without inclusion of a loading dose. Using a 1 mg/kg dose Cmax first dose was 14.8 μg/mL, Cmax at steady state was 19.8 μg/mL, Cmin was 5 μg/mL and Cmax: MEC was >20 in 42.6% of cats after multiple doses. An optimal Cmax: MEC ratio was achieved in caspofungin simulations using 0.75 mg/kg q 24 h or 1 mg/kg q 72h. However, at 1 mg/kg q 72h, Cmin was < MEC (<1 μg/mL) in over 95% of the population. Using a loading dose of 1 mg/kg and a daily dose of 0.75 mg/kg thereafter, the Cmax: MEC was optimal and Cmin was > 2.5 μg/mL for 98% of the population. Based on the modeling data this dosing regimen is likely to achieve target therapeutic concentrations, meet the proposed Cmax: MEC window and provide consistent exposure between doses.
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Journal Title
PLoS One
Volume
12
Issue
6
Copyright Statement
© 2017 Leshinsky et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Subject
Veterinary Pharmacology