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  • Sustainable Route for Molecularly Thin Cellulose Nanoribbons and Derived Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Electrocatalysts

    Author(s)
    Lu, Yun
    Ye, Guichao
    She, Xilin
    Wang, Siqun
    Yang, Dongjiang
    Yin, Yafang
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Yang, Dongjiang
    Year published
    2017
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Ultrathin cellulose nanoribbons were extracted from earth-abundant biomass using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-catalyzed (TEMPO-catalyzed) oxidation and sonication processes. By two TEMPO-oxide systems with different processing times, TEM and AFM observations indicate the obtained cellulose nanoribbons (Cel-NRs) with dimensions of 400–800 nm in length, 1.72–2.54 nm in width, and 0.78–2.67 nm in thickness. The dimension data indicate that the Cel-NRs from the TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system are much shorter but contain more cellulose chains than those from the TEMPO/NaClO/NaClO2 system. Moreover, these abundant biomass nanoribbons ...
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    Ultrathin cellulose nanoribbons were extracted from earth-abundant biomass using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-catalyzed (TEMPO-catalyzed) oxidation and sonication processes. By two TEMPO-oxide systems with different processing times, TEM and AFM observations indicate the obtained cellulose nanoribbons (Cel-NRs) with dimensions of 400–800 nm in length, 1.72–2.54 nm in width, and 0.78–2.67 nm in thickness. The dimension data indicate that the Cel-NRs from the TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO system are much shorter but contain more cellulose chains than those from the TEMPO/NaClO/NaClO2 system. Moreover, these abundant biomass nanoribbons were fabricated from direct pyrolysis with NH3 activation. The obtained highly active nitrogen-doped carbon nanoribbons (N-CNRs) and metal-free oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts show superb ORR activity (half-wave potential of 0.71 and 0.73 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode) and high selectivity (electron-transfer number of 3.26 and 3.74 at 0.8 V), comparable current density and onset potential (0.906 and 0.926 V), excellent electrochemical stability (higher than 89.5% and 91.6% after 20 000 potential cycles) in alkaline media, and better resistance to crossover effects in the ORR. More importantly, when used as a cathode catalyst for constructing the air electrode of the Zn–air battery, the N-CNRs exhibit super long-term stability and a capacity of 587 and 583 mAh g–1 at the discharge current densities of 5 and 20 mA cm–2, respectively, which are highly comparable with those of the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst (20 wt % Pt, Hispec 3000). This indicates that our present work is the first example of using atomically thin carbon nanoribbons as the metal-free electrocatalyst substitution to Pt for developing high-performance metal–air batteries from earth-abundant terrestrial plants.
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    Journal Title
    ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering
    Volume
    5
    Issue
    10
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b01511
    Subject
    Inorganic chemistry
    Analytical chemistry
    Chemical engineering
    Chemical engineering not elsewhere classified
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/352565
    Collection
    • Journal articles

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