Technological innovation resulting from Research and Development (R&D) investments plays a key role in productivity growth in agricultural-based developing economies. Innovations and technologies discovered at research units diffuse to users in a systematic manner and the success of this process is confirmed when target beneficiaries adopt the technology for its intended use. To realize the expected productivity growth generated from technological innovations, it is important to understand efficiency gains and adoption patterns of technologies. The main objective of this thesis is to analyse gains in production and efficiency due to technologies and their adoption in a farming context focusing mainly on technology-specific and user-specific aspects using Sri Lankan rice production data. This thesis involves several empirical techniques and the findings are multi-faceted, centred on the main subject of technology adoption. Firstly, the thesis evaluated how effective rice technologies are in improving technical efficiency using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). The factors affecting any form of inefficiency on an agricultural farm were identified employing a simple regression. The results advise production units to carefully select appropriate technologies that can be highly influential in the realisation of technical efficiency in rice production.