An investigation into water distribution network security: Risk and implications

Abstract

Water supply network security issues such as vandalism are of concern but have received less than proper attention in the past. Clearly water infrastructure is recognised as critical; the survival of a community depends on its ability to deliver fresh, clean drinking water to its consumers. Recent security breaches in Australia and abroad have led us to consider the issues of risk and consequence of deliberate attacks. However, securing water supply networks is a complex problem; therefore it is necessary to study risks and develop appropriate management strategies. This article reviews the characteristics of water supply systems and design traits that make them susceptible. The range of potential threats are classified; biological/chemical and physical that includes physical attack, cyber attack and hoaxes. Risk analysis methodologies to assess the vulnerability are outlined, along with possible countermeasures that may minimise threats. The review highlights the vulnerability of water supply systems to deliberate attacks and sabotage and the need for a comprehensive and holistic approach to risk management and countermeasures. Keywords: risk; security; water distribution; human security