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  • Ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in the Pearl River and effects on the estuarine coastal waters: Nutrient management strategy in Hong Kong

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    Author(s)
    Yin, Kedong
    J. Harrison, Paul
    Broom, Malcolm
    Chung, C.
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Yin, Kedong
    Year published
    2011
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    Abstract
    The Pearl River is the second largest river in China, and has a 454,000 km2 drainage basin. Excess nutrients can result in algal blooms, or even harmful algal blooms and subsequent dissolved oxygen (DO) consumption can lead to hypoxia. However, not all nutrients are equal; only one nutrient relative to other nutrients is the most limiting for algal biomass production and the other nutrients that are in excess cannot be used to produce a further increase in an algal bloom. Therefore, the strategy of nutrient pollution control is to remove the most limiting nutrient from the sewage effluent to minimize eutrophication impacts ...
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    The Pearl River is the second largest river in China, and has a 454,000 km2 drainage basin. Excess nutrients can result in algal blooms, or even harmful algal blooms and subsequent dissolved oxygen (DO) consumption can lead to hypoxia. However, not all nutrients are equal; only one nutrient relative to other nutrients is the most limiting for algal biomass production and the other nutrients that are in excess cannot be used to produce a further increase in an algal bloom. Therefore, the strategy of nutrient pollution control is to remove the most limiting nutrient from the sewage effluent to minimize eutrophication impacts on the receiving waters. This, in turn, determines the type and level of sewage treatment. In the Pearl River, nitrogen (N) is very high and phosphorus (P) is relatively low, leading to a very high N:P ratio. The Pearl River flows into coastal waters in the South China Sea and heavily influences Hong Kong waters located to the east of the Pearl River estuary. When the Hong Kong government planned to upgrade the domestic sewage facility to biological treatment, this triggered the scientific question of which nutrient, N or P is the most limiting nutrient and the answer to this question became critical in making the management decision on the treatment facilities for removal of N or P, which bears a huge financial implication. In the past, because N is high in southern waters, it was thought that any addition of N would exceed the environmental assimilation capacity and result in algal blooms. Therefore, N has been typically considered for removal from sewage effluent. However, evidence revealed that P was the most limiting nutrient in the southern waters of Hong Kong and it actually limits phytoplankton biomass accumulation and potentially limits bacterial DO consumption. Hence, the removal of P has been suggested to receive priority over N removal, if there is a need for the future elevation of treatment levels. However, as this conclusion is reached with respect to the present condition of the Pearl River, it may be prudent to retain flexibility such that treatment levels can be adjusted to accommodate future changes in the estuarine conditions, in particular if changes in the nitrogen loads entering the Pearl River decrease and cause the N:P ratio to decrease.
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    Journal Title
    Physics and Chemistry of the Earth
    Volume
    36
    Issue
    9-11
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2010.04.014
    Copyright Statement
    © 2010 Elsevier Inc. This is the author-manuscript version of this paper. Reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. Please refer to the journal's website for access to the definitive, published version.
    Subject
    Geochemistry
    Geology
    Geophysics
    Ecology not elsewhere classified
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/36964
    Collection
    • Journal articles

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