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  • Thermal comfort during temperature cycles induced by direct load control strategies of peak electricity demand management

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    Accepted Manuscript (AM)
    Author(s)
    Zhang, Fan
    de Dear, Richard
    Candido, Christhina
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Zhang, Fan
    Year published
    2016
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    Abstract
    Direct load control (DLC) is a utility-sponsored demand response program which allows a utility to cycle specific appliances on and off during peak demand periods. Direct load control of air conditioners induces temperature cycles that might potentially compromise occupants' thermal comfort. In two separate experiments, 56 subjects' thermal comfort was closely examined during 6 DLC conditions and 2 control conditions simulated in a climate chamber, representing typical DLC-induced thermal environments in university lecture theatres. Results show that half of the DLC conditions were clearly accepted by subjects. Multilevel ...
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    Direct load control (DLC) is a utility-sponsored demand response program which allows a utility to cycle specific appliances on and off during peak demand periods. Direct load control of air conditioners induces temperature cycles that might potentially compromise occupants' thermal comfort. In two separate experiments, 56 subjects' thermal comfort was closely examined during 6 DLC conditions and 2 control conditions simulated in a climate chamber, representing typical DLC-induced thermal environments in university lecture theatres. Results show that half of the DLC conditions were clearly accepted by subjects. Multilevel linear modelling of thermal sensation demonstrates that operative temperature, vapour pressure and the rate of temperature change are the three most important predictors during DLC events. Multilevel logistic regression indicates that in DLC conditions with lower adapting temperatures, thermal acceptability is significantly predicted by air speed and its interaction with operative temperature whereas in DLC conditions with higher adapting temperatures, by air speed, operative temperature and the rate of temperature change. Subjects' thermal comfort zone during DLC events is wider than predicted by Fanger's PMV/PPD model in that the former is more tolerant of cooler temperatures. Results from this study suggest that ASHRAE 55-2013 is overly conservative in defining the limits for temperature cycles, ramps and drifts.
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    Journal Title
    Building and Environment
    Volume
    103
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.03.020
    Copyright Statement
    © 2016 Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, providing that the work is properly cited.
    Subject
    Architecture
    Building
    Other built environment and design not elsewhere classified
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/372846
    Collection
    • Journal articles

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