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  • Evaluation of the Antigenic Diversity of Placenta-Binding Plasmodium falciparum Variants and the Antibody Repertoire among Pregnant Women

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    Author(s)
    Hommel, Mirja
    Elliott, Salenna R.
    Soma, Viju
    Kelly, Greg
    Fowkes, Freya J. I.
    Chesson, Joanne M.
    Duffy, Michael F.
    Bockhorst, Joseph
    Avril, Marion
    Mueller, Ivo
    Raiko, Andrew
    Stanisic, D.
    Rogerson, Stephen J.
    Smith, Joseph D.
    Beeson, James G.
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Stanisic, Danielle
    Year published
    2010
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    Abstract
    Pregnant women are infected by specific variants of Plasmodium falciparum that adhere and accumulate in the placenta. Using serological and molecular approaches, we assessed the global antigenic diversity of surface antigens expressed by placenta-binding isolates to better understand immunity to malaria in pregnancy and evolution of polymorphisms and to inform vaccine development. We found that placenta-binding isolates originating from all major regions where malaria occurs were commonly recognized by antibodies in different populations of pregnant women. There was substantial antigenic overlap and sharing of epitopes ...
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    Pregnant women are infected by specific variants of Plasmodium falciparum that adhere and accumulate in the placenta. Using serological and molecular approaches, we assessed the global antigenic diversity of surface antigens expressed by placenta-binding isolates to better understand immunity to malaria in pregnancy and evolution of polymorphisms and to inform vaccine development. We found that placenta-binding isolates originating from all major regions where malaria occurs were commonly recognized by antibodies in different populations of pregnant women. There was substantial antigenic overlap and sharing of epitopes between isolates, including isolates from distant geographic locations, suggesting that there are limitations to antigenic diversity; however, differences between populations and isolates were also seen. Many women had crossreactive antibodies and/or a broad repertoire of antibodies to different isolates. Studying VAR2CSA as the major antigen expressed by placenta-binding isolates, we identified antibody epitopes encoded by variable sequence blocks in the DBL3 domain. Analysis of global var2csa DBL3 sequences demonstrated that there was extensive sharing of variable blocks between Africa, Asia, Papua New Guinea, and Latin America, which likely contributes to the high level of antigenic overlap between different isolates. However, there was also evidence of geographic clustering of sequences and differences in VAR2CSA sequences between populations. The results indicate that there is limited antigenic diversity in placenta-binding isolates and may explain why immunity to malaria in pregnancy can be achieved after exposure during one pregnancy. Inclusion of a limited number of variants in a candidate vaccine may be sufficient for broad population coverage, but geographic considerations may also have to be included in vaccine design.
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    Journal Title
    Infection and Immunity
    Volume
    78
    Issue
    5
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.01365-09
    Copyright Statement
    © 2010 American Society for Microbiology. The attached file is reproduced here in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. Please refer to the journal's website for access to the definitive, published version.
    Subject
    Biological sciences
    Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences
    Biomedical and clinical sciences
    Humoural immunology and immunochemistry
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/38007
    Collection
    • Journal articles

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