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dc.contributor.author | Yang, Gonghuan | |
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dc.contributor.author | Yoon, Jin-Sang | |
dc.contributor.author | You, Qisheng | |
dc.contributor.author | Yu, Zhijie | |
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dc.contributor.author | Zhou, Maigeng | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2018-10-05T01:03:04Z | |
dc.date.available | 2018-10-05T01:03:04Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2013 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 0009-7322 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001470 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10072/380702 | |
dc.description.abstract | Background—It is commonly assumed that cardiovascular disease risk factors are associated with affluence and
Westernization. We investigated the associations of body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood
pressure, and serum total cholesterol with national income, Western diet, and, for BMI, urbanization in 1980 and 2008.
Methods and Results—Country-level risk factor estimates for 199 countries between 1980 and 2008 were from a previous
systematic analysis of population-based data. We analyzed the associations between risk factors and per capita national
income, a measure of Western diet, and, for BMI, the percentage of the population living in urban areas. In 1980, there was
a positive association between national income and population mean BMI, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol.
By 2008, the slope of the association between national income and systolic blood pressure became negative for women
and zero for men. Total cholesterol was associated with national income and Western diet in both 1980 and 2008. In
1980, BMI rose with national income and then flattened at ≈Int$7000; by 2008, the relationship resembled an inverted
U for women, peaking at middle-income levels. BMI had a positive relationship with the percentage of urban population
in both 1980 and 2008. Fasting plasma glucose had weaker associations with these country macro characteristics, but it
was positively associated with BMI.
Conclusions—The changing associations of metabolic risk factors with macroeconomic variables indicate that there will be
a global pandemic of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus, together with high blood pressure in low-income countries,
unless effective lifestyle and pharmacological interventions are implemented. | |
dc.description.peerreviewed | Yes | |
dc.language | English | |
dc.language.iso | eng | |
dc.publisher | Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins | |
dc.relation.ispartofpagefrom | 1493 | |
dc.relation.ispartofpageto | 1502 | |
dc.relation.ispartofissue | 15 | |
dc.relation.ispartofjournal | Circulation | |
dc.relation.ispartofvolume | 127 | |
dc.subject.fieldofresearch | Cardiovascular medicine and haematology | |
dc.subject.fieldofresearch | Clinical sciences | |
dc.subject.fieldofresearch | Dentistry not elsewhere classified | |
dc.subject.fieldofresearch | Sports science and exercise | |
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode | 3201 | |
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode | 3202 | |
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode | 320399 | |
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode | 4207 | |
dc.title | The Global Cardiovascular Risk Transition: Associations of Four Metabolic Risk Factors with National Income, Urbanization, and Western Diet in 1980 and 2008 | |
dc.type | Journal article | |
dc.type.description | C1 - Articles | |
dc.type.code | C - Journal Articles | |
dc.description.version | Accepted Manuscript (AM) | |
gro.rights.copyright | © 2013 American Heart Association, Inc. . This is the author-manuscript version of this paper. Reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. Please refer to the journal's website for access to the definitive, published version. | |
gro.hasfulltext | Full Text | |
gro.griffith.author | Cobiac, Linda | |