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dc.contributor.authorWang, Peng
dc.contributor.authorMenzies, Neal W
dc.contributor.authorDennis, Paul G
dc.contributor.authorGuo, Jianhua
dc.contributor.authorForstner, Christian
dc.contributor.authorSekine, Ryo
dc.contributor.authorLombi, Enzo
dc.contributor.authorKappen, Peter
dc.contributor.authorBertsch, Paul M
dc.contributor.authorKopittke, Peter M
dc.date.accessioned2019-02-20T04:38:23Z
dc.date.available2019-02-20T04:38:23Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.identifier.issn0013-936X
dc.identifier.doi10.1021/acs.est.6b01180
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10072/382404
dc.description.abstractThe widespread use of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) results in their movement into wastewater treatment facilities and subsequently to agricultural soils via application of contaminated sludge. On-route, the chemical properties of Ag may change, and further alterations are possible upon entry to soil. In the present study, we examined the long-term stability and (bio)availability of Ag along the “wastewater–sludge–soil” pathway. Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) revealed that ca. 99% of Ag added to the sludge reactors as either Ag-NPs or AgNO3 was retained in sludge, with ≥79% of this being transformed to Ag2S, with the majority (≥87%) remaining in this form even after introduction to soils at various pH values and Cl concentrations for up to 400 days. Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), chemical extraction, and plant uptake experiments indicated that the potential (bio)availability of Ag in soil was low but increased markedly in soils with elevated Cl, likely due to the formation of soluble AgClx complexes in the soil solution. Although high Cl concentrations increased the bioavailability of Ag markedly, plant growth was not reduced in any treatment. Our results indicate that Ag-NPs entering soils through the wastewater–sludge–soil pathway pose low risk to plants due to their conversion to Ag2S in the wastewater treatment process, although bioavailability may increase in saline soils or when irrigated with high-Cl water.
dc.description.peerreviewedYes
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherAmerican Chemical Society
dc.relation.ispartofpagefrom8274
dc.relation.ispartofpageto8281
dc.relation.ispartofissue15
dc.relation.ispartofjournalEnvironmental Science & Technology
dc.relation.ispartofvolume50
dc.subject.fieldofresearchOther environmental sciences not elsewhere classified
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode419999
dc.subject.keywordsSilver nanoparticles
dc.subject.keywordsWastewater
dc.subject.keywordsSludge
dc.subject.keywordsSoil pathway
dc.subject.keywordsPlants
dc.subject.keywordsCl concentrations
dc.subject.keywordsAg bioavailability
dc.titleSilver Nanoparticles Entering Soils via the Wastewater–Sludge–Soil Pathway Pose Low Risk to Plants but Elevated Cl Concentrations Increase Ag Bioavailability
dc.typeJournal article
dc.type.descriptionC1 - Articles
dc.type.codeC - Journal Articles
dc.description.versionAccepted Manuscript (AM)
gro.rights.copyrightThis document is the Post-print of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Environmental Science & Technology, © 2016 American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see 10.1021/acs.est.6b01180
gro.hasfulltextFull Text
gro.griffith.authorMenzies, Neal W.


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