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  • Quantified in vitro tibiofemoral contact during bodyweight back squats

    Author(s)
    Hale, Rena
    Green, Joshua
    Hausselle, Jerome
    Saxby, David
    Gonzalez, Roger V
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Saxby, David J.
    Year published
    2018
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Squats are a common lower extremity task used in strength and conditioning, balance training, and rehabilitation. It is important to understand how slight alterations in lower extremity kinematics during a squat affect the internal joint loading of the knee. This study directly quantified tibiofemoral contact throughout the in vitro simulation of a bodyweight back squat performed two ways: a heel squat (knees in line with toes) and a toe squat (knees anterior to the toes) at peak knee flexion. Three cadaveric right lower extremities were instrumented and positioned into the University of Texas Joint Load Simulator. Kinematics, ...
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    Squats are a common lower extremity task used in strength and conditioning, balance training, and rehabilitation. It is important to understand how slight alterations in lower extremity kinematics during a squat affect the internal joint loading of the knee. This study directly quantified tibiofemoral contact throughout the in vitro simulation of a bodyweight back squat performed two ways: a heel squat (knees in line with toes) and a toe squat (knees anterior to the toes) at peak knee flexion. Three cadaveric right lower extremities were instrumented and positioned into the University of Texas Joint Load Simulator. Kinematics, kinetics, and predicted muscle forces from a 20-year-old athletic male performing the two back squats were used as inputs for the in vitro simulations. The quantified tibiofemoral contact area, peak pressure, net force, and center of pressure location were significantly different between squat types (p > 0.05). Net contact area on the tibial plateau at peak knee flexion was significantly larger in the heel versus toe squat (599 ± 80 mm2 vs. 469 ± 125 mm2; p < 0.05). Peak lateral pressure was significantly higher in the heel versus toe squat (2.73 ± 0.54 MPa vs. 0.87 ± 0.56 MPa; p < 0.05). Results suggest the heel squat generates an even load distribution, which is less likely to affect joint degeneration. Future in vitro simulations should quantify the effects lower extremity kinematics, kinetics, and individual muscle forces have on tibiofemoral contact parameters during common athletic tasks.
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    Journal Title
    Journal of Biomechanics
    Volume
    79
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.07.002
    Subject
    Biomedical engineering
    Mechanical engineering
    Sports science and exercise
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/383036
    Collection
    • Journal articles

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