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  • Streptococcus suis contains multiple phase-variable methyltransferases that show a discrete lineage distribution

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    Author(s)
    Atack, John M
    Weinert, Lucy A
    Tucker, Alexander W
    Husna, Asma U
    Wileman, Thomas M
    Hadjirin, Nazreen F
    Hoa, Ngo T
    Parkhill, Julian
    Maskell, Duncan J
    Blackall, Patrick J
    Jennings, Michael P
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Atack, John M.
    Jennings, Michael P.
    Year published
    2018
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    Abstract
    Streptococcus suis is a major pathogen of swine, responsible for a number of chronic and acute infections, and is also emerging as a major zoonotic pathogen, particularly in South-East Asia. Our study of a diverse population of S. suis shows that this organism contains both Type I and Type III phase-variable methyltransferases. In all previous examples, phase-variation of methyltransferases results in genome wide methylation differences, and results in differential regulation of multiple genes, a system known as the phasevarion (phase-variable regulon). We hypothesized that each variant in the Type I and Type III systems ...
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    Streptococcus suis is a major pathogen of swine, responsible for a number of chronic and acute infections, and is also emerging as a major zoonotic pathogen, particularly in South-East Asia. Our study of a diverse population of S. suis shows that this organism contains both Type I and Type III phase-variable methyltransferases. In all previous examples, phase-variation of methyltransferases results in genome wide methylation differences, and results in differential regulation of multiple genes, a system known as the phasevarion (phase-variable regulon). We hypothesized that each variant in the Type I and Type III systems encoded a methyltransferase with a unique specificity, and could therefore control a distinct phasevarion, either by recombination-driven shuffling between different specificities (Type I) or by biphasic on-off switching via simple sequence repeats (Type III). Here, we present the identification of the target specificities for each Type III allelic variant from S. suis using single-molecule, real-time methylome analysis. We demonstrate phase-variation is occurring in both Type I and Type III methyltransferases, and show a distinct association between methyltransferase type and presence, and population clades. In addition, we show that the phase-variable Type I methyltransferase was likely acquired at the origin of a highly virulent zoonotic sub-population.
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    Journal Title
    NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
    Volume
    46
    Issue
    21
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky913
    Copyright Statement
    © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
    Subject
    Environmental sciences
    Biological sciences
    Microbial genetics
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/383432
    Collection
    • Journal articles

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