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  • Global scale dissemination of ST93: A divergent staphylococcus aureus epidemic lineage that has recently emerged from remote northern Australia

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    Author(s)
    van Hal, SJ
    Steinig, EJ
    Andersson, P
    Holden, MTG
    Harris, SR
    Nimmo, GR
    Williamson, DA
    Heffernan, H
    Ritchie, SR
    Kearns, AM
    Ellington, MJ
    Dickson, E
    de Lencastre, H
    Coombs, GW
    Bentley, SD
    Parkhill, J
    Holt, DC
    Giffard, PM
    Tong, SYC
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Nimmo, Graeme R.
    Year published
    2018
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Background: In Australia, community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) lineage sequence type (ST) 93 has rapidly risen to dominance since being described in the early 1990s. We examined 459 ST93 genome sequences from Australia, New Zealand, Samoa, and Europe to investigate the evolutionary history of ST93, its emergence in Australia and subsequent spread overseas. Results: Comparisons with other S. aureus genomes indicate that ST93 is an early diverging and recombinant lineage, comprising of segments from the ST59/ST121 lineage and from a divergent but currently unsampled Staphylococcal population. ...
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    Background: In Australia, community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) lineage sequence type (ST) 93 has rapidly risen to dominance since being described in the early 1990s. We examined 459 ST93 genome sequences from Australia, New Zealand, Samoa, and Europe to investigate the evolutionary history of ST93, its emergence in Australia and subsequent spread overseas. Results: Comparisons with other S. aureus genomes indicate that ST93 is an early diverging and recombinant lineage, comprising of segments from the ST59/ST121 lineage and from a divergent but currently unsampled Staphylococcal population. However, within extant ST93 strains limited genetic diversity was apparent with the most recent common ancestor dated to 1977 (95% highest posterior density 1973-1981). An epidemic ST93 population arose from a methicillin-susceptible progenitor in remote Northern Australia, which has a proportionally large Indigenous population, with documented overcrowded housing and a high burden of skin infection. Methicillin-resistance was acquired three times in these regions, with a clade harboring a staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) IVa expanding and spreading to Australia's east coast by 2000. We observed sporadic and non-sustained introductions of ST93-MRSA-IVa to the United Kingdom. In contrast, in New Zealand, ST93-MRSA-IVa was sustainably transmitted with clonal expansion within the Pacific Islander population, who experience similar disadvantages as Australian Indigenous populations. Conclusion: ST93 has a highly recombinant genome including portions derived from an early diverging S. aureus population. Our findings highlight the need to understand host population factors in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistant community pathogens.
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    Journal Title
    Frontiers in Microbiology
    Volume
    9
    Issue
    JUL
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01453
    Copyright Statement
    © 2018 Frontiers in Microbiology. The attached file is reproduced here in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. Please refer to the journal's website for access to the definitive, published version.
    Subject
    Soil sciences
    Microbiology
    Medical microbiology
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/384550
    Collection
    • Journal articles

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