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  • Global Mortality From Firearms, 1990-2016

    Author(s)
    Naghavi, Mohsen
    Marczak, Laurie B
    Kutz, Michael
    Shackelford, Katya Anne
    Arora, Megha
    Miller-Petrie, Molly
    Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine
    Akseer, Nadia
    Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M
    Alam, Khurshid
    Alghnam, Suliman A
    Antonio, Carl Abelardo T
    Aremu, Olatunde
    Arora, Amit
    Asadi-Lari, Mohsen
    Assadi, Reza
    Atey, Tesfay Mehari
    Avila-Burgos, Leticia
    Awasthi, Ashish
    Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala
    Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn
    Barnighausen, Till Winfried
    Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad
    Behzadifar, Masoud
    Behzadifar, Meysam
    Bennett, James R
    Bhalla, Ashish
    Bhutta, Zulfiqar A
    Bilal, Arebu Issa
    Borges, Guilherme
    Borschmann, Rohan
    Brazinova, Alexandra
    Rincon, Julio Cesar Campuzano
    Carvalho, Felix
    Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A
    Dandona, Lalit
    Dandona, Rakhi
    Dargan, Paul I
    De Leo, Diego
    Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda
    Ding, Eric L
    Huyen, Phuc Do
    Doku, David Teye
    Doyle, Kerrie E
    Driscoll, TimRobert
    Edessa, Dumessa
    El-Khatib, Ziad
    Endries, Aman Yesuf
    Esteghamati, Alireza
    Faro, Andre
    Farzadfar, Farshad
    Feigin, Valery L
    Fischer, Florian
    Foreman, Kyle J
    Franklin, Richard Charles
    Fullman, Nancy
    Futran, Neal D
    Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde
    Gutierrez, Reyna Alma
    Hafezi-Nejad, Nima
    Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast
    Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa
    Haro, Josep Maria
    Hassen, Hamid Yimam
    Hawley, Caitlin
    Hendrie, Delia
    Hijar, Martha
    Hu, Guoqing
    Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
    Jakovljevic, Mihajlo
    James, Spencer L
    Jayaraman, Sudha
    Jonas, Jost B
    Kahsay, Amaha
    Kasaeian, Amir
    Keiyoro, Peter Njenga
    Khader, Yousef
    Khalil, Ibrahim A
    Khang, Young-Ho
    Khubchandani, Jagdish
    Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad
    Kieling, Christian
    Kim, Yun Jin
    Kosen, Soewarta
    Krohn, Kristopher J
    Kumar, G Anil
    Lami, Faris Hasan
    Lansingh, Van C
    Larson, Heidi Jane
    Linn, Shai
    Lunevicius, Raimundas
    Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy
    Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy
    Malekzadeh, Reza
    Malta, Deborah Carvalho
    Mason-Jones, Amanda J
    Matzopoulos, Richard
    Memiah, Peter TN
    Mendoza, Walter
    Meretoja, Tuomo J
    Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane
    Miller, Ted R
    Mohammed, Shafiu
    Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar
    Mori, Rintaro
    Nand, Devina
    Cuong, Tat Nguyen
    Quyen, Le Nguyen
    Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini
    Ogbo, Felix Akpojene
    Olagunju, Andrew T
    Patton, George C
    Phillips, Michael R
    Polinder, Suzanne
    Pourmalek, Farshad
    Qorbani, Mostafa
    Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin
    Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa
    Rahman, Mahfuzar
    Rai, Rajesh Kumar
    Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal
    Rawaf, David Laith
    Rawaf, Salman
    Rowhani-Rahbar, Ali
    Safdarian, Mahdi
    Safiri, Saeid
    Sagar, Rajesh
    Salama, Joseph S
    Sanabria, Juan
    Milicevic, Milena M Santric
    Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo
    Sartorius, Benn
    Satpathy, Maheswar
    Schwebel, David C
    Seedat, Soraya
    Sepanlou, Sadaf G
    Shaikh, Masood Ali
    Sharew, Nigussie Tadesse
    Shiue, Ivy
    Singh, Jasvinder A
    Sisay, Mekonnen
    Skirbekk, Vegard
    Soares Filho, Adauto Martins
    Stein, Dan J
    Stokes, Mark Andrew
    Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale
    Swaroop, Mamta
    Sykes, Bryan L
    Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael
    Tadese, Fentaw
    Bach, Xuan Tran
    Tung, Thanh Tran
    Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna
    Vasankari, Tommi Juhani
    Vlassov, Vasily
    Werdecker, Andrea
    Ye, Pengpeng
    Yip, Paul
    Yonemoto, Naohiro
    Younis, Mustafa Z
    Zaidi, Zoubida
    Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed
    Hay, Simon I
    Lim, Stephen S
    Lopez, Alan D
    Mokdad, Ali H
    Vos, Theo
    Murray, Christopher JL
    Griffith University Author(s)
    De Leo, Diego
    Year published
    2018
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    Importance Understanding global variation in firearm mortality rates could guide prevention policies and interventions. Objective To estimate mortality due to firearm injury deaths from 1990 to 2016 in 195 countries and territories. Design, Setting, and Participants This study used deidentified aggregated data including 13 812 location-years of vital registration data to generate estimates of levels and rates of death by age-sex-year-location. The proportion of suicides in which a firearm was the lethal means was combined with an estimate of per capita gun ownership in a revised proxy measure used to evaluate the ...
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    Importance Understanding global variation in firearm mortality rates could guide prevention policies and interventions. Objective To estimate mortality due to firearm injury deaths from 1990 to 2016 in 195 countries and territories. Design, Setting, and Participants This study used deidentified aggregated data including 13 812 location-years of vital registration data to generate estimates of levels and rates of death by age-sex-year-location. The proportion of suicides in which a firearm was the lethal means was combined with an estimate of per capita gun ownership in a revised proxy measure used to evaluate the relationship between availability or access to firearms and firearm injury deaths. Exposures Firearm ownership and access. Main Outcomes and Measures Cause-specific deaths by age, sex, location, and year. Results Worldwide, it was estimated that 251 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 195 000-276 000) people died from firearm injuries in 2016, with 6 countries (Brazil, United States, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, and Guatemala) accounting for 50.5% (95% UI, 42.2%-54.8%) of those deaths. In 1990, there were an estimated 209 000 (95% UI, 172 000 to 235 000) deaths from firearm injuries. Globally, the majority of firearm injury deaths in 2016 were homicides (64.0% [95% UI, 54.2%-68.0%]; absolute value, 161 000 deaths [95% UI, 107 000-182 000]); additionally, 27% were firearm suicide deaths (67 500 [95% UI, 55 400-84 100]) and 9% were unintentional firearm deaths (23 000 [95% UI, 18 200-24 800]). From 1990 to 2016, there was no significant decrease in the estimated global age-standardized firearm homicide rate (−0.2% [95% UI, −0.8% to 0.2%]). Firearm suicide rates decreased globally at an annualized rate of 1.6% (95% UI, 1.1-2.0), but in 124 of 195 countries and territories included in this study, these levels were either constant or significant increases were estimated. There was an annualized decrease of 0.9% (95% UI, 0.5%-1.3%) in the global rate of age-standardized firearm deaths from 1990 to 2016. Aggregate firearm injury deaths in 2016 were highest among persons aged 20 to 24 years (for men, an estimated 34 700 deaths [95% UI, 24 900-39 700] and for women, an estimated 3580 deaths [95% UI, 2810-4210]). Estimates of the number of firearms by country were associated with higher rates of firearm suicide (P < .001; R2 = 0.21) and homicide (P < .001; R2 = 0.35). Conclusions and Relevance This study estimated between 195 000 and 276 000 firearm injury deaths globally in 2016, the majority of which were firearm homicides. Despite an overall decrease in rates of firearm injury death since 1990, there was variation among countries and across demographic subgroups.
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    Journal Title
    JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
    Volume
    320
    Issue
    8
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.10060
    Subject
    Biomedical and clinical sciences
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/384787
    Collection
    • Journal articles

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