Does frontal knee kinematics predict treatment outcomes? Exploratory analyses from the Intensive Diet and Exercise for Arthritis (IDEA) trial

Abstract

Background: Pain is a cardinal symptom of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and although conservative treatments such as exercise and diet related interventions can reduce pain, effects are modest and can be improved. Frontal plane knee joint motion has been associated with knee pain, and is suggested as a patient-specific characteristic on which to tailor interventions.

Research question: Does the association between baseline frontal plane knee joint kinematics and pain-relief differ among overweight and obese people with knee OA who underwent an intervention from the Intensive Diet and Exercise for Arthritis (IDEA) clinical trial: diet-only, exercise-only, and combined diet and exercise intervention?

Methods: 323 participants with knee OA were included in the analysis (77% females; 66 ± 6 years; 33.5 ± 3.7 kg/m2). At baseline, frontal plane knee joint kinematics during walking were measured using 3-dimensional gait analysis and characterised as peak varus-valgus knee angle, peak varus-valgus excursion, and peak varus angular velocity. Pain was assessed at baseline and 18-month follow-up using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain subscale. Linear regressions were performed unadjusted and adjusted for covariates to determine if the associations between baseline frontal plane knee joint kinematics and 18-month change in pain differed according to intervention.

Results: The interaction terms between the intervention and measures of frontal plane knee joint kinematics were not statistically significant (all P ≥ 0.05).

Significance: We found no evidence to suggest that 18-months of either exercise, diet, or a combination of diet and exercise could be more effective than the other to improve pain based on frontal plane measures of knee kinematics.