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  • A Starling-Like Total Work Controller for Rotary Blood Pumps: An In Vitro Evaluation

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    Accepted Manuscript (AM)
    Author(s)
    Wu, Eric L
    Stevens, Michael C
    Nestler, Frank
    Pauls, Jo P
    Bradley, Andrew P
    Tansley, Geoff
    Fraser, John F
    Gregory, Shaun D
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Tansley, Geoff
    Year published
    2019
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    Abstract
    Due to improved durability and survival rates, rotary blood pumps (RBPs) are the preferred left ventricular assist device when compared to volume displacement pumps. However, when operated at constant speed, RBPs lack a volume balancing mechanism which may result in left ventricular suction and sub‐optimal ventricular unloading. Starling‐like controllers have previously been developed to balance circulatory volumes, however they do not consider ventricular workload as a feedback and may have limited sensitivity to adjust RBP workload when ventricular function deteriorates or improves. To address this, we aimed to develop a ...
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    Due to improved durability and survival rates, rotary blood pumps (RBPs) are the preferred left ventricular assist device when compared to volume displacement pumps. However, when operated at constant speed, RBPs lack a volume balancing mechanism which may result in left ventricular suction and sub‐optimal ventricular unloading. Starling‐like controllers have previously been developed to balance circulatory volumes, however they do not consider ventricular workload as a feedback and may have limited sensitivity to adjust RBP workload when ventricular function deteriorates or improves. To address this, we aimed to develop a Starling‐like total work controller (SL‐TWC) that matched the energy output of a healthy heart by adjusting RBP hydraulic work based on measured left ventricular stroke work and ventricular preload. In a mock circulatory loop, the SL‐TWC was evaluated using a HeartWare HVAD in a range of simulated patient conditions. These conditions included changes in systemic hyper‐ and hypo‐tension, pulmonary hypertension, blood circulatory volume, exercise and improvement and deterioration of ventricular function by increasing and decreasing ventricular contractility. The SL‐TWC was compared to constant speed control where RBP speed was set to restore cardiac output to 5.0 L min‐1 at rest. Left ventricular suction occurred with constant speed control during pulmonary hypertension but was prevented with the SL‐TWC. During simulated exercise, the SL‐TWC demonstrated reduced LVSW (0.51 J) and greater RBP flow (9.2 L min‐1) compared to constant speed control (LVSW: 0.74 J and RBP flow: 6.4 L min‐1). In instances of increased ventricular contractility, the SL‐TWC reduced RBP hydraulic work, whilst maintaining cardiac output similar to the rest condition. In comparison, constant speed overworked and increased cardiac output. The SL‐TWC balanced circulatory volumes by mimicking the Starling mechanism, whilst also considering changes in ventricular workload. Compared to constant speed control, the SL‐TWC may reduce complications associated with volume imbalances, adapt to changes in ventricular function and improve patient quality of life.
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    Journal Title
    Artificial Organs
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1111/aor.13570
    Copyright Statement
    © 2019 International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: A Starling-Like Total Work Controller for Rotary Blood Pumps: An In Vitro Evaluation, Artificial Organs, which has been published in final form at 10.1111/aor.13570. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving (http://olabout.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-828039.html)
    Subject
    Biomedical engineering
    Clinical sciences
    Physiological control
    Starling control
    left ventricular assist device
    ventricular suction
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/387502
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    • Journal articles

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