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  • Management of behavioural emergencies: a prospective observational study in Australian emergency departments

    Author(s)
    Yap, CYL
    Taylor, DMD
    Kong, DCM
    Knott, JC
    Taylor, SE
    Graudins, A
    Keijzers, G
    Kulawickrama, S
    Thom, O
    Lawton, L
    Furyk, J
    Finucci, D
    Holdgate, A
    Watkins, G
    Jordan, P
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Keijzers, Gerben
    Thom, Ogilvie
    Year published
    2019
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Background: Behavioural emergencies (BEs) are complex situations in the emergency department (ED) setting. Treatment decisions always must be made within a limited time and are based on incomplete patient data. As a result of the urgency and complexity, patients often are exposed to increased risk of harm. Aim: The aim of this paper is to describe the prescribing patterns and adverse events (AEs) associated with parenteral sedation for the management of BEs in Australian EDs. Methods: Ten Australian EDs enrolled a convenience sample of adult patients (aged ≥18 years) requiring parenteral sedative medication for BEs. Data ...
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    Background: Behavioural emergencies (BEs) are complex situations in the emergency department (ED) setting. Treatment decisions always must be made within a limited time and are based on incomplete patient data. As a result of the urgency and complexity, patients often are exposed to increased risk of harm. Aim: The aim of this paper is to describe the prescribing patterns and adverse events (AEs) associated with parenteral sedation for the management of BEs in Australian EDs. Methods: Ten Australian EDs enrolled a convenience sample of adult patients (aged ≥18 years) requiring parenteral sedative medication for BEs. Data were collected prospectively between March 2015 and April 2017 using a designated case report form. Results: In all, 564 cases were enrolled in this study. Incomplete cases (n = 17; 3%) were excluded. Of the 547 remaining cases, 63% were male and the median age was 34 years (range 18–95 years). Approximately half the patients (n = 230; 42.1%) required mechanical restraint and parenteral sedation to manage their BEs. Intramuscular monotherapy was administered in most cases (n = 390; 71.3%). The main sedative medications used as monotherapy were droperidol (n = 381; 69.7%), midazolam (n = 54; 9.9%) and olanzapine (n = 26; 4.8%). The most common combination therapy was midazolam + droperidol (n = 36; 6.6%). The incidence of AEs from sedative administration was 13.5%. No deaths or irreversible AEs were reported. Conclusions: Overall, the participating EDs provided safe pharmacological management for BEs. AEs following parenteral sedation are common, although serious AEs are rare. Because all patients receiving parenteral sedation for BEs are at risk of AEs, ongoing monitoring of vital signs after parenteral sedation should be a standard protocol in all EDs.
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    Journal Title
    Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research
    Volume
    49
    Issue
    4
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1002/jppr.1522
    Subject
    Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/388127
    Collection
    • Journal articles

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