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dc.contributor.authorAucoin, Monique
dc.contributor.authorCooley, Kieran
dc.contributor.authorSaunders, Paul Richard
dc.contributor.authorCarè, Jenny
dc.contributor.authorAnheyer, Dennis
dc.contributor.authorMedina, Daen N
dc.contributor.authorCardozo, Valentina
dc.contributor.authorRemy, Daniella
dc.contributor.authorHannan, Nicole
dc.contributor.authorGarber, Anna
dc.date.accessioned2020-08-19T00:54:08Z
dc.date.available2020-08-19T00:54:08Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.identifier.issn2212-9588
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.aimed.2020.07.004
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10072/396535
dc.description.abstractBrief overview: Current evidence suggests that Echinacea supplementation may decrease the duration and severity of acute respiratory tract infections; however, no studies using Echinacea in the prevention or treatment of conditions similar to COVID-19 have been identified. Few adverse events were reported, suggesting that this herbal therapy is reasonably safe. Because Echinacea can increase immune function, there is a concern that it could worsen over-activation of the immune system in cytokine storm; however, clinical trials show that Echinacea decreases levels of immune molecules involved in cytokine storm. Verdict: Echinacea supplementation may assist with the symptoms of acute respiratory infections (ARI) and the common cold, particularly when administered at the first sign of infection; however, no studies using Echinacea in the prevention or treatment of conditions similar to COVID-19 have been identified. Previous studies have reported that Echinacea may decrease the severity and/or duration of ARI when taken at the onset of symptoms. The studies reporting benefit used E. purpurea or a combination of E. purpurea and E. angustifolia containing standardized amounts of active constituents. Few adverse events from the use of Echinacea were reported, suggesting that this herbal therapy is reasonably safe. No human trials could be located reporting evidence of cytokine storm when Echinacea was used for up to 4 months. When assessing all human trials which reported changes in cytokine levels in response to Echinacea supplementation, the results were largely consistent with a decrease in the pro-inflammatory cytokines that play a role in the progression of cytokine storm and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), factors that play a significant role in the death of COVID-19 patients. While there is currently no research on the therapeutic effects of Echinacea in the management of cytokine storm, this evidence suggests that further research is warranted.
dc.description.peerreviewedYes
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.ispartofjournalAdvances in Integrative Medicine
dc.subject.fieldofresearchInfectious diseases
dc.subject.fieldofresearchTraditional, complementary and integrative medicine
dc.subject.fieldofresearchNutrition and dietetics
dc.subject.fieldofresearchHealth services and systems
dc.subject.fieldofresearchPublic health
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode320211
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode4208
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode3210
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode4203
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode4206
dc.titleThe effect of Echinacea spp. on the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 and other respiratory tract infections in humans: A rapid review
dc.typeJournal article
dc.type.descriptionC1 - Articles
dcterms.bibliographicCitationAucoin, M; Cooley, K; Saunders, PR; Carè, J; Anheyer, D; Medina, DN; Cardozo, V; Remy, D; Hannan, N; Garber, A, The effect of Echinacea spp. on the prevention or treatment of COVID-19 and other respiratory tract infections in humans: A rapid review, Advances in Integrative Medicine, 2020
dcterms.licensehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.date.updated2020-08-18T03:58:36Z
dc.description.versionAccepted Manuscript (AM)
gro.description.notepublicThis publication has been entered in Griffith Research Online as an advanced online version.
gro.rights.copyright© 2020 The American Association of Orthodontistsr. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, providing that the work is properly cited.
gro.hasfulltextFull Text
gro.griffith.authorHannan, Nicole


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