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dc.contributor.authorErku, Daniel Asfaw
dc.contributor.authorAberra, Sisay Yifru
dc.date.accessioned2020-08-24T03:12:09Z
dc.date.available2020-08-24T03:12:09Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.identifier.issn2047-2994
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s13756-018-0389-y
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10072/396685
dc.description.abstractBackground: Although prohibited by law and legal regulatory frameworks, non-prescribed sale of antibiotics in community medicine retail outlets (CMROs) remains a serious problem in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to document the extent of and motivations behind non-prescribed sale of antibiotics among CMROs in Gondar town, Ethiopia. Methods: A 2 phase mixed-methods study (a simulated patient visit followed by an in-depth interview) was conducted among CMROs in Gondar town, Ethiopia. Two clinical case scenarios (acute childhood diarrhea and upper respiratory tract infection) were presented and the practice of non-prescribed sale were measured and results were reported as percentages. Pharmacy staff (pharmacists and pharmacy assistants) were interviewed to examine factors/motivations behind dispensing antibiotics without a valid prescription. Results: Out of 100 simulated visits (50 each scenarios) presented to drug retail outlets, 86 cases (86%) were provided with one or more medications. Of these, 18 (20.9%) asked about past medical and medication history and only 7 (8.1%) enquired about the patient's history of drug allergy. The most frequently dispensed medication for acute childhood diarrhoea simulation were oral rehydration fluid (ORS) with zinc (n = 16) and Metronidazole (n = 15). Among the dispensed antibiotics for upper respiratory infection simulation, the most common was Amoxicillin (n = 23) followed by Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid capsule (n = 19) and Azithromycin (n = 15). Perceived financial benefit, high expectation and/or demand of customers and competition among pharmacies were cited as the main drivers behind selling antibiotics without a prescription. Conclusions: A stringent law and policy enforcement regarding the sale of antibiotics without a valid prescription should be in place. This will ultimately help to shift the current pharmacy practices from commercial and business-based interests/practices to the provision of primary healthcare services to the community.
dc.description.peerreviewedYes
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherBMC
dc.relation.ispartofpagefrom92
dc.relation.ispartofissue1
dc.relation.ispartofjournalAntimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control
dc.relation.ispartofvolume7
dc.subject.fieldofresearchMicrobiology
dc.subject.fieldofresearchClinical sciences
dc.subject.fieldofresearchMedical microbiology
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode3107
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode3202
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode3207
dc.subject.keywordsScience & Technology
dc.subject.keywordsLife Sciences & Biomedicine
dc.subject.keywordsPublic, Environmental & Occupational Health
dc.subject.keywordsInfectious Diseases
dc.titleNon-prescribed sale of antibiotics for acute childhood diarrhea and upper respiratory tract infection in community pharmacies: a 2 phase mixed-methods study
dc.typeJournal article
dc.type.descriptionC1 - Articles
dcterms.bibliographicCitationErku, DA; Aberra, SY, Non-prescribed sale of antibiotics for acute childhood diarrhea and upper respiratory tract infection in community pharmacies: a 2 phase mixed-methods study, Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 2018, 7 (1)
dcterms.dateAccepted2018-07-25
dcterms.licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.date.updated2020-08-24T03:06:12Z
dc.description.versionVersion of Record (VoR)
gro.rights.copyright© The Author(s). 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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gro.griffith.authorErku, Daniel


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