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dc.contributor.authorFischhoff, Ilya R
dc.contributor.authorHuang, Tao
dc.contributor.authorHamilton, Stephen K
dc.contributor.authorHan, Barbara A
dc.contributor.authorLaDeau, Shannon L
dc.contributor.authorOstfeld, Richard S
dc.contributor.authorRosi, Emma J
dc.contributor.authorSolomon, Christopher T
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-10T00:53:29Z
dc.date.available2020-09-10T00:53:29Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.identifier.issn2150-8925
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/ecs2.3057
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10072/397288
dc.description.abstractPathogens and parasites (henceforth “pathogens”) can make up a large percentage of the biomass found in ecosystems, and therefore, their impacts on ecosystem processes should be prominent. Pathogens influence ecosystem processes by affecting the abundance or phenotype of hosts and through direct contributions to ecosystem production. However, there has been little quantitative synthesis of the relative effect sizes of these impacts on ecosystem processes. This study presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of pathogen effects on primary production, secondary production, and biogeochemical cycles. We find that the effects of pathogens on ecosystem processes were greater where pathogens influenced host or community abundance or biomass than when they influenced phenotypes. Pathogen impacts on primary production were larger than on secondary production or biogeochemical cycles. By contrast, we detected no general differences in effect sizes across host or pathogen taxon or ecosystem type (terrestrial vs. aquatic). While we have found potential evidence of publication bias against negative results, a well-known issue in meta-analyses, our work nonetheless shows that the available literature under-represents some taxa and geographic regions. To better understand the extent and magnitude of pathogen impacts on ecosystem processes, future research is needed in four areas. First, research is needed on the most understudied systems, including bacteria and viruses, as well as tropical ecosystems. A second priority is research seeking to understand how key components of ecosystem variation, including age (time of ecological continuity), productivity, and species diversity and composition, may interact to mediate pathogen impacts. Third, we suggest expanding on work examining how pathogen effects are influenced by climate change, species introductions, deforestation, and other human impacts. Fourth, we expect that host coinfection influences ecosystem processes in ways that cannot always be predicted based on studies of single infections. To enable others to build on this work, we make available the data we extracted from the literature, with the code for computing effect sizes.
dc.description.peerreviewedYes
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relation.ispartofpagefrome03057
dc.relation.ispartofissue5
dc.relation.ispartofjournalEcosphere
dc.relation.ispartofvolume11
dc.subject.fieldofresearchEcology
dc.subject.fieldofresearchZoology
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode3103
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode3109
dc.subject.keywordsScience & Technology
dc.subject.keywordsLife Sciences & Biomedicine
dc.subject.keywordsbiogeochemical cycles
dc.subject.keywordsEnvironmental Sciences
dc.titleParasite and pathogen effects on ecosystem processes: A quantitative review
dc.typeJournal article
dc.type.descriptionC1 - Articles
dcterms.bibliographicCitationFischhoff, IR; Huang, T; Hamilton, SK; Han, BA; LaDeau, SL; Ostfeld, RS; Rosi, EJ; Solomon, CT, Parasite and pathogen effects on ecosystem processes: A quantitative review, ECOSPHERE, 2020, 11 (5), pp. e03057
dcterms.licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.date.updated2020-09-10T00:50:32Z
dc.description.versionVersion of Record (VoR)
gro.rights.copyright© 2020 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
gro.hasfulltextFull Text
gro.griffith.authorHamilton, Stephen K.


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