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dc.contributor.authorWorsey, Matthew TO
dc.contributor.authorJones, Bethany S
dc.contributor.authorCervantes, Andres
dc.contributor.authorChauvet, Sabrina P
dc.contributor.authorThiel, David V
dc.contributor.authorEspinosa, Hugo G
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-11T01:44:03Z
dc.date.available2020-09-11T01:44:03Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.identifier.issn2079-9292
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/electronics9050834
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10072/397368
dc.description.abstractHeading the ball is an important skill in soccer. Head impacts are of concern because of the potential adverse health effects. Many elite players now wear GPS (that include inertial monitoring units) on the upper spine for location tracking and workload measurement. By measuring the maximum acceleration of the head and the upper spine, we calculated the acceleration ratio as an attenuation index for participants (n = 8) of different skill levels during a front heading activity. This would allow for in-field estimates of head impacts to be made and concussive events detected. For novice participants, the ratio was as high as 8.3 (mean value 5.0 ± 1.8), whereas, for experienced players, the mean ratio was 3.2 ± 1.5. Elite players stiffen the neck muscles to increase the ball velocity and so the torso acts as a support structure. Electromyography (EMG) signals that were recorded from the neck and shoulder before and after a training intervention showed a major increase in mean average muscle activity (146%, p = 3.39 × 10−6). This was accompanied by a major decrease in acceleration ratio (34.41%, p = 0.008). The average head-ball impact velocity was 1.95 ± 0.53 m/s determined while using optical motion capture. For this low velocity, the impact force was 102 ± 19 N, 13% of the published concussive force. The voluntary action of neck muscles decreases isolated head movements during heading. Coaches and trainers may use this evidence in their development of junior players.
dc.description.peerreviewedYes
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.ispartofpagefrom834
dc.relation.ispartofissue5
dc.relation.ispartofjournalElectronics
dc.relation.ispartofvolume9
dc.subject.fieldofresearchEngineering
dc.subject.fieldofresearchElectrical engineering
dc.subject.fieldofresearchElectronics, sensors and digital hardware
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode40
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode4008
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode4009
dc.subject.keywordsScience & Technology
dc.subject.keywordsTechnology
dc.subject.keywordsEngineering, Electrical & Electronic
dc.subject.keywordsEngineering
dc.subject.keywordssoccer
dc.titleAssessment of Head Impacts and Muscle Activity in Soccer Using a T3 Inertial Sensor and a Portable Electromyography (EMG) System: A Preliminary Study
dc.typeJournal article
dc.type.descriptionC1 - Articles
dcterms.bibliographicCitationWorsey, MTO; Jones, BS; Cervantes, A; Chauvet, SP; Thiel, DV; Espinosa, HG, Assessment of Head Impacts and Muscle Activity in Soccer Using a T3 Inertial Sensor and a Portable Electromyography (EMG) System: A Preliminary Study, Electronics, 2020, 9 (5), pp. 834
dcterms.licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.date.updated2020-09-11T01:41:25Z
dc.description.versionVersion of Record (VoR)
gro.rights.copyright© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
gro.hasfulltextFull Text
gro.griffith.authorThiel, David V.
gro.griffith.authorEspinosa, Hugo G.
gro.griffith.authorWorsey, Matthew T.


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