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dc.contributor.authorMaharaj, JN
dc.contributor.authorKessler, S
dc.contributor.authorRainbow, MJ
dc.contributor.authorD’Andrea, SE
dc.contributor.authorKonow, N
dc.contributor.authorKelly, LA
dc.contributor.authorLichtwark, GA
dc.date.accessioned2020-10-23T02:53:16Z
dc.date.available2020-10-23T02:53:16Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.identifier.issn2296-4185
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fbioe.2020.00106
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10072/398620
dc.description.abstractThe intricate motion of the small bones of the feet are critical for its diverse function. Accurately measuring the 3-dimensional (3D) motion of these bones has attracted much attention over the years and until recently, was limited to invasive techniques or quantification of functional segments using multi-segment foot models. Biplanar videoradiography and model-based scientific rotoscoping offers an exciting alternative that allows us to focus on the intricate motion of individual bones in the foot. However, scientific rotoscoping, the process of rotating and translating a 3D bone model so that it aligns with the captured x-ray images, is either semi- or completely manual and it is unknown how much human error affects tracking results. Thus, the aim of this study was to quantify the inter- and intra-operator reliability of manually rotoscoping in vivo bone motion of the tibia, talus, and calcaneus during running. Three-dimensional CT bone volumes and high-speed biplanar videoradiography images of the foot were acquired on six participants. The six-degree-of-freedom motions of the tibia, talus, and calcaneus were determined using a manual markerless registration algorithm. Two operators performed the tracking, and additionally, the first operator re-tracked all bones, to test for intra-operator effects. Mean RMS errors were 1.86 mm and 1.90° for intra-operator comparisons and 2.30 mm and 2.60° for inter-operator comparisons across all bones and planes. The moderate to strong similarity values indicate that tracking bones and joint kinematics between sessions and operators is reliable for running. These errors are likely acceptable for defining gross joint angles. However, this magnitude of error may limit the capacity to perform advanced analyses of joint interactions, particularly those that require precise (sub-millimeter) estimates of bone position and orientation. Optimizing the view and image quality of the biplanar videoradiography system as well as the automated tracking algorithms for rotoscoping bones in the foot are required to reduce these errors and the time burden associated with the manual processing.
dc.description.peerreviewedYes
dc.publisherFrontiers Media SA
dc.relation.ispartofjournalFrontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
dc.relation.ispartofvolume8
dc.subject.fieldofresearchOther biological sciences
dc.subject.fieldofresearchBiomedical engineering
dc.subject.fieldofresearchMedical biotechnology
dc.subject.fieldofresearchIndustrial biotechnology
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode3199
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode4003
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode3206
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode3106
dc.titleThe Reliability of Foot and Ankle Bone and Joint Kinematics Measured With Biplanar Videoradiography and Manual Scientific Rotoscoping
dc.typeJournal article
dc.type.descriptionC1 - Articles
dcterms.bibliographicCitationMaharaj, JN; Kessler, S; Rainbow, MJ; D’Andrea, SE; Konow, N; Kelly, LA; Lichtwark, GA, The Reliability of Foot and Ankle Bone and Joint Kinematics Measured With Biplanar Videoradiography and Manual Scientific Rotoscoping, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2020, 8
dcterms.licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.date.updated2020-10-22T03:58:47Z
dc.description.versionVersion of Record (VoR)
gro.rights.copyright© 2020 Maharaj, Kessler, Rainbow, D’Andrea, Konow, Kelly and Lichtwark. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
gro.hasfulltextFull Text
gro.griffith.authorMaharaj, Jayishni N.
gro.griffith.authorKelly, Luke


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