Encephalomyocarditis virus abrogates the IFN-β signaling pathway via its structural protein VP2
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Author(s)
Han, Yumei
Xie, Jingying
Xu, Shujuan
Bi, Yingjie
Li, Xiangrong
Zhang, Haixia
Idris, Adi
Bai, Jialin
Feng, Ruofei
Griffith University Author(s)
Year published
2020
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Type I interferon (IFN) - mediated antiviral responses are critical at modulating host-virus responses and indeed viruses have evolved strategies to antagonize this pathway. Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is an important zoonotic pathogen, which causes myocarditis, encephalitis, neurological disease, reproductive disorders and diabetes in pigs. This study aims to understand how EMCV interacts with the IFN pathway. EMCV circumvents the type I IFN response by expressing proteins that antagonize cellular innate immunity. Here, we show that EMCV VP2 is a negative regulator of IFN-β pathway. This occurs via degrade of the ...
View more >Type I interferon (IFN) - mediated antiviral responses are critical at modulating host-virus responses and indeed viruses have evolved strategies to antagonize this pathway. Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is an important zoonotic pathogen, which causes myocarditis, encephalitis, neurological disease, reproductive disorders and diabetes in pigs. This study aims to understand how EMCV interacts with the IFN pathway. EMCV circumvents the type I IFN response by expressing proteins that antagonize cellular innate immunity. Here, we show that EMCV VP2 is a negative regulator of IFN-β pathway. This occurs via degrade of the MDA5-mediated cytoplasmic double stranded RNA (dsRNA) antiviral sensing pathway, RIG-I-like receptors (RLR) pathway. We showed that structural protein VP2 of EMCV interacts with MDA5, MAVS and TBK1 through its C-terminal. In addition, we found that EMCV VP2 could significantly degrade RLRs by the proteasomal and lysosomal pathways. For the first time, EMCV VP2 was shown to play an important role in EMCV evasion type I IFN signaling pathway. This study expands our understanding that EMCV utilize its capsid protein VP2 to evade from the host antiviral response. Importance Encephalomyocarditis virus is an important pathogen can cause encephalitis, myocarditis, neurological diseases, and reproductive disorders. It also causes huge economic loss for swine industry worldwide. Innate immune plays an important role in defending host from pathogen infection. Understanding pathogen microorganisms evading from host immune system is with great importance. Currently, whether EMCV evades the cytosolic RNA sensing and signaling are still poorly understood. In the present study, we found that viral protein VP2 antagonized RLR signaling pathway by degrading MDA5, MAVS and TBK1 proteins expression to facilitate viral replication in HEK293 cells. Findings in this study are identifying a new mechanism for EMCV evading the host's innate immune response, which provide new insights into the virus-host interaction and help develop new antiviral approaches against EMCV.
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View more >Type I interferon (IFN) - mediated antiviral responses are critical at modulating host-virus responses and indeed viruses have evolved strategies to antagonize this pathway. Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is an important zoonotic pathogen, which causes myocarditis, encephalitis, neurological disease, reproductive disorders and diabetes in pigs. This study aims to understand how EMCV interacts with the IFN pathway. EMCV circumvents the type I IFN response by expressing proteins that antagonize cellular innate immunity. Here, we show that EMCV VP2 is a negative regulator of IFN-β pathway. This occurs via degrade of the MDA5-mediated cytoplasmic double stranded RNA (dsRNA) antiviral sensing pathway, RIG-I-like receptors (RLR) pathway. We showed that structural protein VP2 of EMCV interacts with MDA5, MAVS and TBK1 through its C-terminal. In addition, we found that EMCV VP2 could significantly degrade RLRs by the proteasomal and lysosomal pathways. For the first time, EMCV VP2 was shown to play an important role in EMCV evasion type I IFN signaling pathway. This study expands our understanding that EMCV utilize its capsid protein VP2 to evade from the host antiviral response. Importance Encephalomyocarditis virus is an important pathogen can cause encephalitis, myocarditis, neurological diseases, and reproductive disorders. It also causes huge economic loss for swine industry worldwide. Innate immune plays an important role in defending host from pathogen infection. Understanding pathogen microorganisms evading from host immune system is with great importance. Currently, whether EMCV evades the cytosolic RNA sensing and signaling are still poorly understood. In the present study, we found that viral protein VP2 antagonized RLR signaling pathway by degrading MDA5, MAVS and TBK1 proteins expression to facilitate viral replication in HEK293 cells. Findings in this study are identifying a new mechanism for EMCV evading the host's innate immune response, which provide new insights into the virus-host interaction and help develop new antiviral approaches against EMCV.
View less >
Journal Title
Journal of Virology
Copyright Statement
© 2020 American Society for Microbiology. This is the author-manuscript version of this paper. Reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. Please refer to the journal's website for access to the definitive, published version.
Subject
Biological sciences
Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences
Biomedical and clinical sciences