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  • Epigenetic Regulation of Virulence and Immunoevasion by Phase-Variable Restriction-Modification Systems in Bacterial Pathogens

    Author(s)
    Seib, KL
    Srikhanta, YN
    Atack, JM
    Jennings, MP
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Seib, Kate
    Atack, John M.
    Jennings, Michael P.
    Year published
    2020
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Human-adapted bacterial pathogens use a mechanism called phase variation to randomly switch the expression of individual genes to generate a phenotypically diverse population to adapt to challenges within and between human hosts. There are increasing reports of restriction-modification systems that exhibit phase-variable expression. The outcome of phase variation of these systems is global changes in DNA methylation. Analysis of phase-variable Type I and Type III restriction-modification systems in multiple human-adapted bacterial pathogens has demonstrated that global changes in methylation regulate the expression of multiple ...
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    Human-adapted bacterial pathogens use a mechanism called phase variation to randomly switch the expression of individual genes to generate a phenotypically diverse population to adapt to challenges within and between human hosts. There are increasing reports of restriction-modification systems that exhibit phase-variable expression. The outcome of phase variation of these systems is global changes in DNA methylation. Analysis of phase-variable Type I and Type III restriction-modification systems in multiple human-adapted bacterial pathogens has demonstrated that global changes in methylation regulate the expression of multiple genes. These systems are called phasevarions (phase-variable regulons). Phasevarion switching alters virulence phenotypes and facilitates evasion of host immune responses. This review describes the characteristics of phasevarions and implications for pathogenesis and immune evasion. We present and discuss examples of phasevarion systems in the major human pathogens Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Helicobacter pylori, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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    Journal Title
    Annual Review of Microbiology
    Volume
    74
    Issue
    1
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-micro-090817-062346
    Subject
    Microbiology
    Medical Microbiology
    DNA methylation
    epigenetic gene regulation
    host-pathogen interactions
    immune evasion
    phasevarion
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/400805
    Collection
    • Journal articles

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