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  • Monitoring Approaches for Faecal Indicator Bacteria in Water: Visioning a Remote Real-Time Sensor forE. coliand Enterococci

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    Offenbaume445137-Published.pdf (1.337Mb)
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    Author(s)
    Offenbaume, Kane L
    Bertone, Edoardo
    Stewart, Rodney A
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Stewart, Rodney A.
    Bertone, Edoardo
    Year published
    2020
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    Abstract
    A comprehensive review was conducted to assess the current state of monitoring approaches for primary faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) E. coli and enterococci. Approaches were identified and examined in relation to their accuracy, ability to provide continuous data and instantaneous detection results, cost, environmental awareness regarding necessary reagent release or other pollution sources, in situ monitoring capability, and portability. Findings showed that several methods are precise and sophisticated but cannot be performed in real-time or remotely. This is mainly due to their laboratory testing requirements, such as ...
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    A comprehensive review was conducted to assess the current state of monitoring approaches for primary faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) E. coli and enterococci. Approaches were identified and examined in relation to their accuracy, ability to provide continuous data and instantaneous detection results, cost, environmental awareness regarding necessary reagent release or other pollution sources, in situ monitoring capability, and portability. Findings showed that several methods are precise and sophisticated but cannot be performed in real-time or remotely. This is mainly due to their laboratory testing requirements, such as lengthy sample preparations, the requirement for expensive reagents, and fluorescent tags. This study determined that portable fluorescence sensing, combined with advanced modelling methods to compensate readings for environmental interferences and false positives, can lay the foundations for a hybrid FIB sensing approach, allowing remote field deployment of a fleet of networked FIB sensors that can collect high-frequency data in near real-time. Such sensors will support proactive responses to sudden harmful faecal contamination events. A method is proposed to enable the development of the visioned FIB monitoring tool.
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    Journal Title
    Water
    Volume
    12
    Issue
    9
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092591
    Copyright Statement
    © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
    Subject
    Environmental sciences
    Science & Technology
    Physical Sciences
    Water Resources
    E
    coli
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/400863
    Collection
    • Journal articles

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