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  • Coral Reef Community Changes in Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia: Assessing the Efficacy of Management in the Face of Local and Global Stressors

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    Author(s)
    Kennedy, Emma
    Vercelloni, Julie
    Neal, Benjamin P
    Ambariyanto
    Bryant, Dominic EP
    Ganase, Anjani
    Gartrell, Patrick
    Brown, Kristen
    Kim, Catherine JS
    Hudatwi, Mu'alimah
    Hadi, Abdul
    Prabowo, Agus
    Prihatinningsih, Puji
    Lopez-Marcano, Sebastian
    et al.
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Lopez-Marcano, Sebastian E.
    Year published
    2020
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    Karimunjawa National Park is one of Indonesia’s oldest established marine parks. Coral reefs across the park are being impacted by fishing, tourism and declining water quality (local stressors), as well as climate change (global pressures). In this study, we apply a multivariate statistical model to detailed benthic ecological datasets collected across Karimunjawa’s coral reefs, to explore drivers of community change at the park level. Eighteen sites were surveyed in 2014 and 2018, before and after the 2016 global mass coral bleaching event. Analyses revealed that average coral cover declined slightly from 29.2 ± 0.12% ...
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    Karimunjawa National Park is one of Indonesia’s oldest established marine parks. Coral reefs across the park are being impacted by fishing, tourism and declining water quality (local stressors), as well as climate change (global pressures). In this study, we apply a multivariate statistical model to detailed benthic ecological datasets collected across Karimunjawa’s coral reefs, to explore drivers of community change at the park level. Eighteen sites were surveyed in 2014 and 2018, before and after the 2016 global mass coral bleaching event. Analyses revealed that average coral cover declined slightly from 29.2 ± 0.12% (Standard Deviation, SD) to 26.3 ± 0.10% SD, with bleaching driving declines in most corals. Management zone was unrelated to coral decline, but shifts from massive morphologies toward more complex foliose and branching corals were apparent across all zones, reflecting a park-wide reduction in damaging fishing practises. A doubling of sponges and associated declines in massive corals could not be related to bleaching, suggesting another driver, likely declining water quality associated with tourism and mariculture. Further investigation of this potentially emerging threat is needed. Monitoring and management of water quality across Karimunjawa may be critical to improving resilience of reef communities to future coral bleaching.
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    Journal Title
    Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
    Volume
    8
    Issue
    10
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100760
    Copyright Statement
    © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
    Subject
    Oceanography
    Fisheries sciences
    Maritime engineering
    Science & Technology
    Physical Sciences
    benthic community ecology
    Coral Triangle
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/400886
    Collection
    • Journal articles

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