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  • Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Current Issues in Genomics and Therapeutics

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    Embargoed until: 2022-02-13
    Author(s)
    Abe, Ichiro
    Lam, Alfred King-Yin
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Abe, Ichiro
    Lam, Alfred K.
    Year published
    2021
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    Abstract
    PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a type of thyroid carcinoma with the most aggressive biological behaviour amongst thyroid cancer. Here, we review the current genomic and the impacts of advances in therapies to improve the management of patients with the cancer. RECENT FINDINGS: Common mutations being identified in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma are p53 and TERT promoter mutations. Other common mutated genes included BRAF, RAS, EIF1AX, PIK3CA, PTEN and AKT1, SWI/SNF, ALK and CDKN2A. Changes in expression of different microRNAs are also involved in the pathogenesis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Curative ...
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    PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a type of thyroid carcinoma with the most aggressive biological behaviour amongst thyroid cancer. Here, we review the current genomic and the impacts of advances in therapies to improve the management of patients with the cancer. RECENT FINDINGS: Common mutations being identified in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma are p53 and TERT promoter mutations. Other common mutated genes included BRAF, RAS, EIF1AX, PIK3CA, PTEN and AKT1, SWI/SNF, ALK and CDKN2A. Changes in expression of different microRNAs are also involved in the pathogenesis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Curative resection combined with radiotherapy and combination chemotherapies (such as anthracyclines, platins and taxanes) has been shown to have effects in the treatment of some patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Newer molecular targeted therapies in clinical trials target mostly the cell membrane kinase and downstream proteins. These include targeting the EGFR, FGFR, VEGFR, c-kit, PDGFR and RET on the cell membrane as well as VEGF itself and the downstream targets such as BRAF, MEK and mTOR. Immunotherapy is also being tested in the cancer. Updated knowledge of genomic as well as clinical trials on novel therapies is needed to improve the management of the patients with this aggressive cancer.
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    Journal Title
    Current Oncology Reports
    Volume
    23
    Issue
    3
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11912-021-01019-9
    Copyright Statement
    © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature 2021. This is an electronic version of an article published in Current Oncology Reports, 2021, 23 (3), pp. 31. American Journal of Pharmacogenomics is available online at: http://link.springer.com/ with the open URL of your article.
    Subject
    Oncology and Carcinogenesis
    Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
    BRAF
    Genomics
    TERT
    Treatment
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/402422
    Collection
    • Journal articles

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