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  • Sustainable ammonia production by non-thermal plasmas: Status, mechanisms, and opportunities

    Author(s)
    Zhou, D
    Zhou, R
    Zhou, R
    Liu, B
    Zhang, T
    Xian, Y
    Cullen, PJ
    Lu, X
    Ostrikov, K
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Ostrikov, Ken
    Year published
    2021
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    Ammonia is one of our most important industrial chemicals supporting the global food supply as the major crop fertilizer. Moreover, it is increasingly being promoted as a promising carbon-free fuel source, and an energy storage and transportation medium. However, the current approach for ammonia synthesis, known as the Haber-Bosch process, requires large-scale infrastructure preventing the designs of decentralization. The process consumes a large fossil fuel input leading it to be a major source of CO2 emissions. Plasma-enabled ammonia synthesis provides a clean, sustainable and flexible alternative, where the process is ...
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    Ammonia is one of our most important industrial chemicals supporting the global food supply as the major crop fertilizer. Moreover, it is increasingly being promoted as a promising carbon-free fuel source, and an energy storage and transportation medium. However, the current approach for ammonia synthesis, known as the Haber-Bosch process, requires large-scale infrastructure preventing the designs of decentralization. The process consumes a large fossil fuel input leading it to be a major source of CO2 emissions. Plasma-enabled ammonia synthesis provides a clean, sustainable and flexible alternative, where the process is driven by the use of plasmas that activate the source gas(es). However, atmospheric plasmas are complex due to their highly reactive environment (energetic electrons, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, UV photons, electric field effects, and others), resulting in a challenging scientific issue for both plasma researchers and chemical engineers. The review summarizes the current state-of-the-art of plasma-enabled ammonia synthesis, and provides insights into the fundamental physio-chemistry of plasma activation, including the excitation, dissociation and ionization of feedstocks, as well as the underlying mechanisms for the reaction dynamics of reactive species in the highly-reactive plasma environment. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for this plasma-enabled technology are outlined to approach a sustainable and flexible ammonia industry.
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    Journal Title
    Chemical Engineering Journal
    Volume
    421
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.129544
    Subject
    Chemical engineering
    Civil engineering
    Environmental engineering
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/404195
    Collection
    • Journal articles

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