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  • The effects of climate change on the Pleistocene rock art of Sulawesi

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    Author(s)
    Huntley, J
    Aubert, M
    Oktaviana, AA
    Lebe, R
    Hakim, B
    Burhan, B
    Aksa, L Muhammad
    Geria, I Made
    Ramli, M
    Siagian, L
    Brand, HEA
    Brumm, A
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Huntley, Jillian
    Aubert, Maxime
    Brumm, Adam R.
    Year published
    2021
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    Abstract
    The equatorial tropics house some of the earliest rock art yet known, and it is weathering at an alarming rate. Here we present evidence for haloclasty (salt crystallisation) from Pleistocene-aged rock art panels at 11 sites in the Maros-Pangkep limestone karsts of southern Sulawesi. We show how quickly rock art panels have degraded in recent decades, contending that climate-catalysed salt efflorescence is responsible for increasing exfoliation of the limestone cave surfaces that house the ~ 45 to 20-thousand-year-old paintings. These artworks are located in the world’s most atmospherically dynamic region, the Australasian ...
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    The equatorial tropics house some of the earliest rock art yet known, and it is weathering at an alarming rate. Here we present evidence for haloclasty (salt crystallisation) from Pleistocene-aged rock art panels at 11 sites in the Maros-Pangkep limestone karsts of southern Sulawesi. We show how quickly rock art panels have degraded in recent decades, contending that climate-catalysed salt efflorescence is responsible for increasing exfoliation of the limestone cave surfaces that house the ~ 45 to 20-thousand-year-old paintings. These artworks are located in the world’s most atmospherically dynamic region, the Australasian monsoon domain. The rising frequency and severity of El Niño-induced droughts from anthropogenic climate change (that is, higher ambient temperatures and more consecutive dry days), combined with seasonal moisture injected via monsoonal rains retained as standing water in the rice fields and aquaculture ponds of the region, increasingly provide ideal conditions for evaporation and haloclasty, accelerating rock art deterioration.
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    Journal Title
    Scientific Reports
    Volume
    11
    Issue
    1
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87923-3
    Copyright Statement
    © The Author(s) 2021. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
    Subject
    Archaeological science
    Archaeology of Asia, Africa and the Americas
    Climate change processes
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/404449
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    • Journal articles

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