Investigating the construct and concurrent validity of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire with intensive care unit patients and home sleepers
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Author(s)
Ritmala-Castren, Marita
Axelin, Anna
Richards, Kathy C
Mitchell, Marion L
Vahlberg, Tero
Leino-Kilpi, Helena
Griffith University Author(s)
Year published
2021
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BACKGROUND: Sleep is vital to our wellbeing. Critically ill patients are vulnerable with effects of sleep deprivation including weakened immune function, decreased glucose tolerance, and increased sympathetic activity. Intensive care unit (ICU) patients' sleep evaluation is difficult and often not reliable. The most commonly used instrument for assessing ICU patients' perspective of their sleep, Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ), has not been reported to have undergone known-group construct validity testing or concurrent validity testing with the criterion measure of feeling refreshed. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the ...
View more >BACKGROUND: Sleep is vital to our wellbeing. Critically ill patients are vulnerable with effects of sleep deprivation including weakened immune function, decreased glucose tolerance, and increased sympathetic activity. Intensive care unit (ICU) patients' sleep evaluation is difficult and often not reliable. The most commonly used instrument for assessing ICU patients' perspective of their sleep, Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ), has not been reported to have undergone known-group construct validity testing or concurrent validity testing with the criterion measure of feeling refreshed. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to explore the construct validity of the RCSQ with known-groups technique and concurrent validity with the criterion measure of feeling refreshed on awakening. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive survey study using the RCSQ was conducted on people sleeping at home (n = 114) over seven nights. The results were compared with the RCSQ sleep scores of nonintubated alert oriented adult ICU patients (n = 114). Home sleepers were also asked to rate how refreshed they felt on awakening. The study was executed and reported in accordance with the STROBE checklist for observational studies. FINDINGS: RCSQ construct validity was supported because home sleepers' and ICU sleepers' sleep evaluations differed significantly. Home sleepers rated their sleep significantly better than ICU patients in all five sleep domains of the RCSQ. Concurrent validity was supported because the item "feeling refreshed on awakening" correlated strongly with all sleep domains. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep quality may be accurately measured using the RCSQ in alert people both in the ICU and at home. This study has added to the validity discussion around the RCSQ. The RCSQ can be used for sleep evaluation in ICUs to promote wellbeing and recovery.
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View more >BACKGROUND: Sleep is vital to our wellbeing. Critically ill patients are vulnerable with effects of sleep deprivation including weakened immune function, decreased glucose tolerance, and increased sympathetic activity. Intensive care unit (ICU) patients' sleep evaluation is difficult and often not reliable. The most commonly used instrument for assessing ICU patients' perspective of their sleep, Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ), has not been reported to have undergone known-group construct validity testing or concurrent validity testing with the criterion measure of feeling refreshed. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to explore the construct validity of the RCSQ with known-groups technique and concurrent validity with the criterion measure of feeling refreshed on awakening. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive survey study using the RCSQ was conducted on people sleeping at home (n = 114) over seven nights. The results were compared with the RCSQ sleep scores of nonintubated alert oriented adult ICU patients (n = 114). Home sleepers were also asked to rate how refreshed they felt on awakening. The study was executed and reported in accordance with the STROBE checklist for observational studies. FINDINGS: RCSQ construct validity was supported because home sleepers' and ICU sleepers' sleep evaluations differed significantly. Home sleepers rated their sleep significantly better than ICU patients in all five sleep domains of the RCSQ. Concurrent validity was supported because the item "feeling refreshed on awakening" correlated strongly with all sleep domains. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep quality may be accurately measured using the RCSQ in alert people both in the ICU and at home. This study has added to the validity discussion around the RCSQ. The RCSQ can be used for sleep evaluation in ICUs to promote wellbeing and recovery.
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Journal Title
Australian Critical Care
Copyright Statement
© 2021 Australian College of Critical Care Nurses Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Note
This publication has been entered as an advanced online version in Griffith Research Online.
Subject
Clinical sciences
Nursing
Intensive care
Known-group validity
Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire
Sleep
Sleep quality