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  • Studying the Endothelial Glycocalyx in vitro: What Is Missing?

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    Fraser505426-Published.pdf (551.5Kb)
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    Version of Record (VoR)
    Author(s)
    Haymet, Andrew B
    Bartnikowski, Nicole
    Wood, Emily S
    Vallely, Michael P
    McBride, Angela
    Yacoub, Sophie
    Biering, Scott B
    Harris, Eva
    Suen, Jacky Y
    Fraser, John F
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Fraser, John F.
    Year published
    2021
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    All human cells are coated by a surface layer of proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and plasma proteins, called the glycocalyx. The glycocalyx transmits shear stress to the cytoskeleton of endothelial cells, maintains a selective permeability barrier, and modulates adhesion of blood leukocytes and platelets. Major components of the glycocalyx, including syndecans, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronan, are shed from the endothelial surface layer during conditions including ischaemia and hypoxia, sepsis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, renal disease, and some viral infections. Studying mechanisms of glycocalyx damage in vivo can ...
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    All human cells are coated by a surface layer of proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and plasma proteins, called the glycocalyx. The glycocalyx transmits shear stress to the cytoskeleton of endothelial cells, maintains a selective permeability barrier, and modulates adhesion of blood leukocytes and platelets. Major components of the glycocalyx, including syndecans, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronan, are shed from the endothelial surface layer during conditions including ischaemia and hypoxia, sepsis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, renal disease, and some viral infections. Studying mechanisms of glycocalyx damage in vivo can be challenging due to the complexity of immuno-inflammatory responses which are inextricably involved. Previously, both static as well as perfused in vitro models have studied the glycocalyx, and have reported either imaging data, assessment of barrier function, or interactions of blood components with the endothelial monolayer. To date, no model has simultaneously incorporated all these features at once, however such a model would arguably enhance the study of vasculopathic processes. This review compiles a series of current in vitro models described in the literature that have targeted the glycocalyx layer, their limitations, and potential opportunities for further developments in this field.
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    Journal Title
    Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
    Volume
    8
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.647086
    Copyright Statement
    © 2021 Haymet, Bartnikowski, Wood, Vallely, McBride, Yacoub, Biering, Harris, Suen and Fraser. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
    Subject
    Microbiology
    Immunology
    Science & Technology
    Life Sciences & Biomedicine
    Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
    Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
    endothelium
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/406665
    Collection
    • Journal articles

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