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dc.contributor.authorZulfiqar, B
dc.contributor.authorMahroo, A
dc.contributor.authorNasir, K
dc.contributor.authorFarooq, RK
dc.contributor.authorJalal, N
dc.contributor.authorRashid, MU
dc.contributor.authorAsghar, K
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-11T23:46:14Z
dc.date.available2021-10-11T23:46:14Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.identifier.issn1178-6930
dc.identifier.doi10.2147/OTT.S119362
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10072/408836
dc.description.abstractNanomedicine application in cancer immunotherapy is currently one of the most challenging areas in cancer therapeutic intervention. Innovative solutions have been provided by nanotechnology to deliver cytotoxic agents to the cancer cells partially affecting the healthy cells of the body during the process. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery is an emerging approach to stimulate the immune responses against cancer. The inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a pivotal area of research in cancer immunotherapy. IDO is a heme-containing immunosuppressive enzyme, which is responsible for the degradation of tryptophan while increasing the concentration of kynurenine metabolites. Various preclinical studies showed that IDO inhibition in certain diseases may result in significant therapeutic effects. Here, we provide a review of the natural and synthetic inhibitors of IDO. These inhibitors are classified according to their source, inhibitory concentrations, the chemical structure, and the mechanism of action. Tumor-targeted chemotherapy is an advanced technique and has more advantages as compared to the conventional chemotherapy. Search for more efficient and less toxic nanoparticles in conjunction with compounds to inhibit IDO is still an area of interest for several research groups worldwide, especially revealing to be an extensive and a promising area in cancer therapeutic innovations.
dc.description.peerreviewedYes
dc.languageen
dc.publisherInforma UK Limited
dc.relation.ispartofpagefrom463
dc.relation.ispartofpageto476
dc.relation.ispartofjournalOncoTargets and Therapy
dc.relation.ispartofvolume10
dc.subject.fieldofresearchOncology and carcinogenesis
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode3211
dc.titleNanomedicine and cancer immunotherapy: Focus on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitors
dc.typeJournal article
dc.type.descriptionC1 - Articles
dcterms.bibliographicCitationZulfiqar, B; Mahroo, A; Nasir, K; Farooq, RK; Jalal, N; Rashid, MU; Asghar, K, Nanomedicine and cancer immunotherapy: Focus on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitors, OncoTargets and Therapy, 2017, 10, pp. 463-476
dc.date.updated2021-10-11T23:45:09Z
gro.hasfulltextNo Full Text
gro.griffith.authorZulfiqar, Bilal


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