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  • Unique physicochemical properties and rare reducing sugar trehalulose mandate new international regulation for stingless bee honey

    Author(s)
    Zawawi, Norhasnida
    Zhang, Jiali
    Hungerford, Natasha L
    Yates, Hans SA
    Webber, Dennis C
    Farrell, Madeleine
    Tinggi, Ujang
    Bhandari, Bhesh
    Fletcher, Mary T
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Tinggi, Ujang
    Year published
    2021
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    Stingless bee honey (SBH) of four stingless bee species (Heterotrigona itama, Geniotrigona thoracica, Tetragonula carbonaria, and Tetragonula hockingsi) from two geographic regions (Malaysia and Australia, n = 36) were studied for their physicochemical parameters, including total phenolic and multi-elemental contents. Sugar analysis confirmed the prominent presence of trehalulose in all samples. All SBH failed to meet the CODEX Standard for honey moisture, free acidity, and total fructose plus glucose levels. One-way ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical component analysis (HCA) confirm distinctive ...
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    Stingless bee honey (SBH) of four stingless bee species (Heterotrigona itama, Geniotrigona thoracica, Tetragonula carbonaria, and Tetragonula hockingsi) from two geographic regions (Malaysia and Australia, n = 36) were studied for their physicochemical parameters, including total phenolic and multi-elemental contents. Sugar analysis confirmed the prominent presence of trehalulose in all samples. All SBH failed to meet the CODEX Standard for honey moisture, free acidity, and total fructose plus glucose levels. One-way ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical component analysis (HCA) confirm distinctive differences between Australian and Malaysian SBH with Australian SBH having significantly (P < 0.05) higher pH, total phenolic, total mineral, and electrical conductivity attributes. Toxic elements in all SBH were much lower than standard CODEX limit. The species G. thoracica produced honey with significantly (P < 0.05) higher trehalulose than both Australian bee species. This research will add value to SBH and hasten new international standards ensuring commercial viability, safety, quality, and marketability of SBH.
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    Journal Title
    Food Chemistry
    Volume
    373
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131566
    Subject
    Food chemistry and food sensory science
    Honey
    Honey standard
    Physicochemical properties
    Stingless bee
    Trehalulose
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/410694
    Collection
    • Journal articles

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