Wave overtopping at vertical structures: Comparison of different formulas

Abstract

Wave overtopping is considered an important aspect when designing waterfront or sea-defense structures, making it a part of any design to predict the overtopping rate. Because overtopping is quite a complex phenomenon, most of the previous studies were focused on deriving empirical formulas using data collected from laboratory tests. This paper, in particular, deals with the estimation of overtopping at vertical structures and considers four of the existing methods to compare their performance using the European Overtopping Manual (i.e. EurOtop) database.