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dc.contributor.authorHolmes, RS
dc.contributor.authorRout, UK
dc.date.accessioned2017-05-03T14:56:15Z
dc.date.available2017-05-03T14:56:15Z
dc.date.issued2011
dc.date.modified2014-09-24T04:58:27Z
dc.identifier.issn2218-273X
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/biom1010003
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10072/42658
dc.description.abstractIntregins are heterodimeric a- and ߭subunit containing membrane receptor proteins which serve various cell adhesion roles in tissue repair, hemostasis, immune response, embryogenesis and metastasis. At least 18 a- (ITA or ITGA) and 8 ߭integrin subunits (ITB or ITGB) are encoded on mammalian genomes. Comparative ITB amino acid sequences and protein structures and ITB gene locations were examined using data from several vertebrate genome projects. Vertebrate ITB genes usually contained 13-16 coding exons and encoded protein subunits with ~800 amino acids, whereas vertebrate ITB4 genes contained 36-39 coding exons and encoded larger proteins with ~1800 amino acids. The ITB sequences exhibited several conserved domains including signal peptide, extracellular ߭integrin, ߭tail domain and integrin ߭cytoplasmic domains. Sequence alignments of the integrin ߭cytoplasmic domains revealed highly conserved regions possibly for performing essential functions and its maintenance during vertebrate evolution. With the exception of the human ITB8 sequence, the other ITB sequences shared a predicted 19 residue a-helix for this region. Potential sites for regulating human ITB gene expression were identified which included CpG islands, transcription factor binding sites and microRNA binding sites within the 3'-UTR of human ITB genes. Phylogenetic analyses examined the relationships of vertebrate beta-integrin genes which were consistent with four major groups: 1: ITB1, ITB2, ITB7; 2: ITB3, ITB5, ITB6; 3: ITB4; and 4: ITB8 and a common evolutionary origin from an ancestral gene, prior to the appearance of fish during vertebrate evolution. The phylogenetic analyses revealed that ITB4 is the most likely primordial form of the vertebrate ߠintegrin subunit encoding genes, that is the only ߠsubunit expressed as a constituent of the sole integrin receptor 'a6ߴ' in the hemidesmosomes of unicellular organisms.
dc.description.peerreviewedYes
dc.description.publicationstatusYes
dc.format.extent1313774 bytes
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherMDPIAG
dc.publisher.placeSwitzerland
dc.relation.ispartofstudentpublicationN
dc.relation.ispartofpagefrom3
dc.relation.ispartofpageto31
dc.relation.ispartofissue1
dc.relation.ispartofjournalBiomolecules
dc.relation.ispartofvolume1
dc.rights.retentionY
dc.subject.fieldofresearchBiochemistry and cell biology
dc.subject.fieldofresearchGenetics not elsewhere classified
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode3101
dc.subject.fieldofresearchcode310599
dc.titleComparative Studies of Vertebrate Beta Integrin Genes and Proteins: Ancient Genes in Vertebrate Evolution
dc.typeJournal article
dc.type.descriptionC1 - Articles
dc.type.codeC - Journal Articles
dcterms.licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
gro.rights.copyright© 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, author. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
gro.date.issued2011
gro.hasfulltextFull Text
gro.griffith.authorHolmes, Roger S.


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