Cross-cultural management performance elements in the expatriate context

Abstract

This paper constructs a broad framework of the relevant performance elements of cross-cultural management through an overview of the relevant theoretical and research literature. A performance element is an "underlying characteristic that results in effective performance in a job" (Fraser, 1999, p.791). "The underlying characteristic could be a body of knowledge, motive, trait, skill, self-image or social role" (Fraser, 1999, p.791). An emphasis on broad performance criteria is relatively rare in expatriate performance management research (Shaffer, Harrison, Gregersen, Black, & Ferzandi, 2006). This paper proposes a framework of performance criteria including aspects of personality, experience, attitudes, knowledge and skills. The paper concludes with proposals for empirical research to explore the link between cross-cultural management performance elements and impressions of cross-cultural management performance by multiple raters.