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  • Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis of a Xanthorrhoea johnsonii leaf extract displaying apparent anaesthetic effects

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    Author(s)
    Cock, Ian
    Kalt, Fred
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Cock, Ian E.
    Kalt, Fred R.
    Year published
    2012
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    Abstract
    Background: Xanthorrhoea johnsonii A. T. Lee is a slow growing endemic Australian plant species. Its slow growth rate and lack of use by herbivores as a food source indicate that its leaves may contain chemical deterrents. Materials and Methods: X. johnsonii leaf extracts were tested for toxicity using the Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay. Toxic extracts were further analysed by RP-HPLC and GC-MS. Results: As well as toxicity, anaesthetic/sedative effects were also noted in the methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts. A. franciscana nauplii 'died' following a 12 h exposure to these extracts, only to 'recover' and swim ...
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    Background: Xanthorrhoea johnsonii A. T. Lee is a slow growing endemic Australian plant species. Its slow growth rate and lack of use by herbivores as a food source indicate that its leaves may contain chemical deterrents. Materials and Methods: X. johnsonii leaf extracts were tested for toxicity using the Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay. Toxic extracts were further analysed by RP-HPLC and GC-MS. Results: As well as toxicity, anaesthetic/sedative effects were also noted in the methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts. A. franciscana nauplii 'died' following a 12 h exposure to these extracts, only to 'recover' and swim normally by 48 h exposure. By 60 h the X. johnsonii methanol/ethyl acetate extract exposed nauplii were again experiencing toxic effects and the mortality began to increase. The nauplii did not recover from this moribund state a second time. Analysis of these extracts by RP-HPLC showed that the ethyl acetate extract was the least complex of the toxic extracts. Subsequent analysis of this extract by GC-MS revealed that it contained 12 main compounds: o-hydroxycinnamic acid; acetic acid; 2,2-dimethoxybutane; pinacol; 4-methyl-1,3-dioxane; decane, 2,2-dimethylbutane; 2,5,9-trimethyldecane; 1,2-benzenediol; 1,2,3-benzenetriol; benzoic acid and an unidentified compound. Conclusion: These results confirm the toxicity and anaesthetic/sedative effects of X. johnsonii leaf components and highlight o-hydroxycinnamic acid as the likely compound responsible for this bioactivity.
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    Journal Title
    Journal of Natural Pharmaceuticals
    Volume
    3
    Issue
    2
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5119.102749
    Copyright Statement
    © 2012 Phcog.net. The attached file is reproduced here in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. Please refer to the journal's website for access to the definitive, published version.
    Subject
    Plant Biology not elsewhere classified
    Biochemistry and Cell Biology
    Complementary and Alternative Medicine
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/50843
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    • Journal articles

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