Acute exercise and subsequent energy intake. A meta-analysis

Abstract

The precise magnitude of the effect of acute exercise on subsequent energy intake is not well understood. Identifying how large a deficit exercise can produce in energy intake and whether this is compensated for, is important in design of long-term exercise programs for weight loss and weight maintenance. Thus, this paper sought to review and perform a meta-analysis on data from the existing literature. Twenty-nine studies, consisting of 51 trials, were identified for inclusion. Exercise duration ranged from 30 - 120 min at intensities of 36 - 81% VO2max, with trials ranging from 2 - 14 hr, and ad libitum test meals offered 0 - 2 hr post-exercise. The outcome variables included absolute energy intake and relative energy intake. A random effects model was employed for analysis due to expected heterogeneity. Results indicated that exercise has a trivial effect on absolute energy intake (n = 51; ES = 0.14, 95% CI: -0.005 to 0.29) and a large effect on relative energy intake (creating an energy deficit, n = 45; ES = - 1.25, 95% CI: -1.50 to -1.00). Despite variability among studies, results suggest that exercise is effective for producing a short-term energy deficit and that individuals tend not to compensate for the energy expended during exercise in the immediate hours after exercise by altering food intake.