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  • Infectivity in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) of plasma collected before HCV RNAdetectability by FDA-licensed assays: implications for transfusion safety and HCV infection outcomes

    Author(s)
    P. Busch, Michael
    K. Murthy, Krishna
    H. Kleinman, Steven
    F. Hirschkorn, Dale
    L. Herring, Belinda
    L. Delwart, Eric
    Racanelli, Vito
    Yoon, Joo Chun
    Rehermann, Barbara
    J. Alter, Harvey
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Herring, Belinda
    Year published
    2012
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    Serial plasma aliquots (50 mL) obtained from 10 commercial donors who converted from hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA negative to positive were transfused into 2 chimpanzees to assess infectivity during early HCV infection. Plasma, obtained 4 days before HCV RNA detectability by licensed assays, transmitted HCV infection to chimpanzee X355. The infectious PCR-negative plasma was subsequently shown to be positive in 2 of 23 replicates using a sensitive transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) assay, and estimated to contain 1.2 HCV RNA copies/mL (60 copies/50 mL transfused). Plasma units obtained up to 8 weeks earlier were not ...
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    Serial plasma aliquots (50 mL) obtained from 10 commercial donors who converted from hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA negative to positive were transfused into 2 chimpanzees to assess infectivity during early HCV infection. Plasma, obtained 4 days before HCV RNA detectability by licensed assays, transmitted HCV infection to chimpanzee X355. The infectious PCR-negative plasma was subsequently shown to be positive in 2 of 23 replicates using a sensitive transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) assay, and estimated to contain 1.2 HCV RNA copies/mL (60 copies/50 mL transfused). Plasma units obtained up to 8 weeks earlier were not infectious in a second susceptible chimp, even when from donors with low-level, intermittent HCV RNA detection. Chimp x355 developed acute viremia with subsequent seroconversion, but cleared both virus and Ab in 17 weeks. When rechallenged 38 months later with 6000 RNA copies/mL from the same donor, X355 was transiently reinfected and again rapidly lost all HCV markers. We conclude that: (1) transfusions can transmit HCV infection before RNA detection, but the interval of test-negative infectivity is very brief; (2) early "blips" of HCV RNA appear noninfectious and can be ignored when calculating residual transfusion risk; and (3) markers of HCV infection can be lost rapidly after exposure to low-dose inocula.
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    Journal Title
    Blood
    Volume
    119
    Issue
    26
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-12-393637
    Copyright Statement
    Self-archiving of the author-manuscript version is not yet supported by this journal. Please refer to the journal link for access to the definitive, published version or contact the author[s] for more information.
    Subject
    Virology
    Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology
    Clinical Sciences
    Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/53267
    Collection
    • Journal articles

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