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  • Have to, have got to, and must: NSM analyses of English modal verbs of ‘necessity’

    Author(s)
    Goddard, Cliff
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Goddard, Cliff W.
    Year published
    2014
    Metadata
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    Abstract
    This chapter investigates the semantics of a selection of English modal and semi-modal verbs of obligation-'have to', 'have got to', and 'must'-using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach (Goddard & Wierzbicka eds. 2002; Goddard ed., 2008). Standard descriptions rely on technical notions such as necessity and obligation, plus further distinctions such as objective/subjective, participant-internal/participant-external, and scalar distinctions such as 'strong' vs. 'weak' (cf. Palmer 1990; van der Auwera and Plungian 1998; Krug 2000; Tagliamonte 2004). In contrast, the present study proposes reductive paraphrase ...
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    This chapter investigates the semantics of a selection of English modal and semi-modal verbs of obligation-'have to', 'have got to', and 'must'-using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) approach (Goddard & Wierzbicka eds. 2002; Goddard ed., 2008). Standard descriptions rely on technical notions such as necessity and obligation, plus further distinctions such as objective/subjective, participant-internal/participant-external, and scalar distinctions such as 'strong' vs. 'weak' (cf. Palmer 1990; van der Auwera and Plungian 1998; Krug 2000; Tagliamonte 2004). In contrast, the present study proposes reductive paraphrase explications framed exclusively in simple words of ordinary language, claimed to be universal semantic primes. The relevance for the field of veridicality can be summarised as follows. First, 'have to' and 'must' are generally characterized in the literature as being associated with an 'objective' vs. 'subjective' effect, respectively, properties connected with both veridicality and stance. The proposed analysis elucidates the nature of this effect. Second, the chapter argues that deontic 'must' contains a component of negative evaluation that is not shared with 'have to', correlated with the perceived greater seriousness of 'must'. Third, it is argued that deontic 'must' includes a desiderative element and that this helps account for distributional asymmetries with respect to combination with uncertainty operators such as 'maybe'; cf. ?'Maybe I/you must do' it vs. 'Maybe I/you have to do it'. The chapter is illustrated and evidenced with naturally occurring examples, from Wordbanks of English and other sources.
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    Book Title
    Nonveridicality and Evaluation: Theoretical, computational and corpus approaches
    Publisher URI
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004258174
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004258174_004
    Copyright Statement
    Self-archiving is not yet supported by this publisher. Please refer to the publisher's website or contact the author(s) for more information.
    Subject
    Linguistic structures (incl. phonology, morphology and syntax)
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/61682
    Collection
    • Book chapters

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