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  • Water and Energy Nexus of Residential Rain Water Tanks at an End Use Level: Case of Australia

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    96184_1.pdf (569.6Kb)
    Author(s)
    Talebpour, MR
    Sahin, O
    Siems, R
    Stewart, RA
    Griffith University Author(s)
    Stewart, Rodney A.
    Sahin, Oz
    Year published
    2014
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    Abstract
    Internationally, rain water tank systems have experienced a renaissance in urban areas in recent times as they are perceived to be a low cost source substitution option for many end uses or micro-components (e.g. toilet, clothes washer, irrigation, etc.) of water demand. While there are many studies that have been conducted investigating rainwater tank performance, none have explored their water-energy nexus at a micro-component level. Through a high resolution (i.e. 5 s, 0.014 L/pulse, 1 W/pulse) smart metering study, this research was able to reveal the energy intensity of three rainwater tank end uses in 19 residential ...
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    Internationally, rain water tank systems have experienced a renaissance in urban areas in recent times as they are perceived to be a low cost source substitution option for many end uses or micro-components (e.g. toilet, clothes washer, irrigation, etc.) of water demand. While there are many studies that have been conducted investigating rainwater tank performance, none have explored their water-energy nexus at a micro-component level. Through a high resolution (i.e. 5 s, 0.014 L/pulse, 1 W/pulse) smart metering study, this research was able to reveal the energy intensity of three rainwater tank end uses in 19 residential homes located in Gold Coast City, Queensland, Australia. Half flush toilet cistern events were found to have the highest variability of energy intensity values between homes (1.05 to 3.32 Wh/L) and also the highest energy intensity at 1.88 Wh/L. Full flush toilet events had a tighter range (1.02 to 2.30 Wh/L) and slightly lower energy intensity than half flush events at 1.61 Wh/L. Clothes washer energy intensity values were quite variable (0.90 to 2.73 Wh/L) but on average were lower than toilet flushing at 1.28 Wh/L. Lastly, irrigation events had the tightest range (0.83 to 1.66 Wh/L) and lowest average energy intensity of 1.12 Wh/L. The study has significant implications for building code specifications for internally plumbed rain tanks systems, particularly fit-for-purpose pump selection.
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    Journal Title
    Energy and Buildings
    Volume
    80
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.05.018
    Copyright Statement
    © 2014 Elsevier B.V.. This is the author-manuscript version of this paper. Reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. Please refer to the journal's website for access to the definitive, published version.
    Subject
    Engineering
    Infrastructure engineering and asset management
    Water resources engineering
    Built environment and design
    Publication URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10072/61989
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    • Journal articles

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